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The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V
The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V is here in full — 217 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.
These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.
Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.
Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.
It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V is here in full — 217 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.
Line 2
These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.
/ðiːz ˈsævədʒ ənd vɔːˈreɪʃəs ˈkriːtʃərz ɑːr faʊnd ɪn ɔːl ˈoʊʃənz ðə ˈlɑːrdʒər wʌnz ˈwɑːndərɪŋ ˈveri ˈwaɪdli waɪl ðə ˈsmɔːlər wʌnz ɑːr riˈstrɪktəd tuː ˈlɪmətəd pɑːrts ʌv ðə siː/
Line 3
Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.
/əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈlætər ɑːr ðə ˈveriəs smɔːl ʃɑːrks kɔːld ˈdɔːɡfɪʃ frʌm eɪˈtiːn ˈɪntʃəz tuː sɪks fiːt lɔːŋ faʊnd ɑːn boʊθ saɪdz ʌv ðə nɔːrθ ətˈlæntɪk/
Line 4
Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.
/ðoʊ smɔːl ənd ˈhɑːrmləs tuː mæn ðə ˈdɔːɡfɪʃ ˈrɪli ɪz ə ʃɑːrk ənd fɔːr ɪts saɪz ɪz ˈveri ˈfɔːrmədəbəl ˈbiːɪŋ ˈeɪbəl ˈiːzəli tuː faɪt ənd kɪl ˈfɪʃəz kwaɪt æz lɑːrdʒ æz ˌɪtˈself/
Line 5
It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.
/ɪt ɪz kɔːld ðə ˈdɔːɡfɪʃ bɪˈkɔːz ɪt ˈfɑːloʊz ʃoʊlz ʌv fɪʃ ɪn ðə ˈwɔːtər dʒʌst æz ə waɪld dɔːɡ wɪl ˈfɑːloʊ ðə ˈænəməlz ɑːn wɪtʃ ɪt preɪz əˈpɑːn draɪ lænd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dogfish noun US /ˈdɔːɡfɪʃ/

primitive long-bodied carnivorous freshwater fish with a very long dorsal fin; found in sluggish waters of North America

From this reading “Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.”

oceans noun US /ˈoʊʃənz/

plural of “ocean” — a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading “These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.”

preys noun US /preɪz/

plural of “prey” — a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading “It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.”

restricted adjective US /riˈstrɪktəd/

subject to restriction or subjected to restriction

From this reading “These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.”

shark noun US /ʃɑːrk/

any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales

From this reading “Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.”

sharks noun US /ʃɑːrks/

plural of “shark” — any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales

From this reading “SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.”

shoals noun US /ʃoʊlz/

plural of “shoal” — a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide

From this reading “It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.”

voracious adjective US /vɔːˈreɪʃəs/

excessively greedy and grasping

From this reading “These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteen inches adjective + noun counted as “eighteen inch”

In this reading “Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.”

six feet noun + noun counted as “six foot”

In this reading “Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.”

dry land noun + noun

the solid part of the earth's surface

In this reading “It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.”

wild dog adjective + noun

any of various undomesticated mammals of the family Canidae that are thought to resemble domestic dogs as distinguished from jackals or wolves

In this reading “It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

AtlanticnounUS /ətˈlæntɪk/

the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

creaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

dognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

dogfishnounUS /ˈdɔːɡfɪʃ/

primitive long-bodied carnivorous freshwater fish with a very long dorsal fin; found in sluggish waters of North America

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

eighteenadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

FISHESnounUS /ˈfɪʃəz/

plural of “fish” — any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

harmlessadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrmləs/

not causing or capable of causing harm

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

inchesnounUS /ˈɪntʃəz/

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

killverbUS /kɪl/

cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

oceansnounUS /ˈoʊʃənz/

plural of “ocean” — a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

preysnounUS /preɪz/

plural of “prey” — a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

restrictedadjectiveUS /riˈstrɪktəd/

subject to restriction or subjected to restriction

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

SALT-WATER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

sharknounUS /ʃɑːrk/

any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

sharksnounUS /ʃɑːrks/

plural of “shark” — any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

shoalsnounUS /ʃoʊlz/

plural of “shoal” — a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though small, and harmless to man, the dogfish really is a shark, and for its size is very formidable, being able easily to fight and kill fishes quite as large as itself.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Among the latter are the various small sharks called dogfish, from eighteen inches to six feet long, found on both sides of the North Atlantic.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

voraciousadjectiveUS /vɔːˈreɪʃəs/

excessively greedy and grasping

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading SALT-WATER FISHES We now come to the fishes of the sea; and at the head of these we may place the sharks.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

widelyadverbUS /ˈwaɪdli/

to a great degree

From this reading These savage and voracious creatures are found in all oceans, the larger ones wandering very widely, while the smaller ones are restricted to limited parts of the sea.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It is called the dogfish because it follows shoals of fish in the water, just as a wild dog will follow the animals on which it preys upon dry land.

Chapter 31 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V by Theodore Wood holds 217 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V contain?

Chapter 31 holds 217 sentences of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V by Theodore Wood exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 217 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V

Common questions about reading The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V by Theodore Wood on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V?

Yes. All 7213 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42414 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42414, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1443 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V section by section

How to work through The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gibbons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Among
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mammals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.