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The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V
The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Theodore Wood • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.
This group includes the sea-urchins, the starfishes, and the sea-cucumbers.
[Illustration: LIFE ON THE SEA-BOTTOM.
1.
Sticklebacks.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.
Line 2
This group includes the sea-urchins, the starfishes, and the sea-cucumbers.
Line 3
[Illustration: LIFE ON THE SEA-BOTTOM.
Line 4
1.
Line 5
Sticklebacks.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

animals noun US /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading “SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
comes noun US /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading “SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
crustaceans noun US /krəˈsteɪʃənz/

plural of “crustacean” — any mainly aquatic arthropod usually having a segmented body and chitinous exoskeleton

From this reading “SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
group noun US /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading “SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Illustration noun US /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading “[Illustration: LIFE ON THE SEA-BOTTOM.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
includes verb US /ˌɪnˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading “This group includes the sea-urchins, the starfishes, and the sea-cucumbers.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
means noun US /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading “SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
simply adverb US /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading “SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.”

95,690 times in 426,211 chapters
live in verb + particle

live in the house where one works

In this reading “SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.”

64,539 times in 426,211 chapters

All words in this reading · 33

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1.

Pending verification
adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
crustaceansnounUS /krəˈsteɪʃənz/

plural of “crustacean” — any mainly aquatic arthropod usually having a segmented body and chitinous exoskeleton

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
echinoderms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Pending verification
groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
IllustrationnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading [Illustration: LIFE ON THE SEA-BOTTOM.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
includesverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading This group includes the sea-urchins, the starfishes, and the sea-cucumbers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading [Illustration: LIFE ON THE SEA-BOTTOM.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading [Illustration: LIFE ON THE SEA-BOTTOM.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SEA-BOTTOM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Illustration: LIFE ON THE SEA-BOTTOM.

Pending verification
SEA-CUCUMBERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Pending verification
SEA-URCHINS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Pending verification
simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
spiny-skins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Pending verification
STARFISHES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Pending verification
Sticklebacks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sticklebacks.

Pending verification
thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This group includes the sea-urchins, the starfishes, and the sea-cucumbers.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading SEA-URCHINS, STARFISHES, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS Next in order to the crustaceans comes a group of animals which live in the sea, and which are known as echinoderms, which simply means spiny-skins.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary

Chapter 36 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V by Theodore Wood holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V contain?

Chapter 36 holds 106 sentences of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V by Theodore Wood exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V

Common questions about reading The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V by Theodore Wood on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V?

Yes. All 7213 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42414 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42414, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1443 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V section by section

How to work through The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gibbons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Among
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mammals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Animal World, A Book of Natural History — Volume V; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.