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The Annals of the Parish
The Annals of the Parish

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Annals of the Parish is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.
The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.
The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.
Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.
It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Annals of the Parish

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Annals of the Parish is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.
Line 2
The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.
Line 3
The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.
Line 4
Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.
Line 5
It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

augmented adjective US /ɑːɡˈmentɪd/

added to or made greater in amount or number or strength

From this reading “The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.”

Cayenne noun US /ˌkaɪˈen/

plant bearing very hot and finely tapering long peppers; usually red

From this reading “Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.”

dibs noun US /dɪbz/

a claim of rights

From this reading “The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.”

Foreseeing verb US /fɔːrˈsiːɪŋ/

-ing form of “foresee” — realize beforehand

From this reading “Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.”

harrow verb US /ˈhæroʊ/

draw a harrow over

From this reading “The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.”

mercantile adjective US /ˈmɜːrkəntaɪl/

of or relating to the economic system of mercantilism

From this reading “Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.”

parishioners noun US /pərˈɪʃənərz/

plural of “parishioner” — a member of a parish

From this reading “Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.”

sifted verb US /ˈsɪftɪd/

past form of “sift” — move as if through a sieve

From this reading “It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1798

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

amazingadjectiveUS /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/

surprising greatly

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

apprehensionnounUS /ˌæprɪˈhenʃən/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

augmentedadjectiveUS /ɑːɡˈmentɪd/

added to or made greater in amount or number or strength

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

beastnounUS /biːst/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

CayennenounUS /ˌkaɪˈen/

plant bearing very hot and finely tapering long peppers; usually red

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

claggy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

claynounUS /kleɪ/

a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

clungverbUS /klʌŋ/

inflected form of “cling” — come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

consultedverbUS /kənˈsʌltəd/

past form of “consult” — get or ask advice from

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

convincedadjectiveUS /kənˈvɪnst/

persuaded of; very sure

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

cropnounUS /krɑːp/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

dibsnounUS /dɪbz/

a claim of rights

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

disappointmentnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/

a feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

farmersnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

ForeseeingverbUS /fɔːrˈsiːɪŋ/

-ing form of “foresee” — realize beforehand

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

fouladjectiveUS /faʊl/

highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

harrowverbUS /ˈhæroʊ/

draw a harrow over

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

heaviestadjectiveUS /ˈheviəst/

superlative of “heavy” — of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

husbandmannoun

a person who operates a farm

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

indispositionnoun

a slight illness

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

managementnounUS /ˈmænədʒmənt/

the act of managing something

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

mercantileadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrkəntaɪl/

of or relating to the economic system of mercantilism

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

ministrynounUS /ˈmɪnəstri/

religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

parishionersnounUS /pərˈɪʃənərz/

plural of “parishioner” — a member of a parish

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

patiencenounUS /ˈpeɪʃəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

provisionnounUS /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

questionedverbUS /ˈkwestʃənd/

past form of “question” — challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

sagaciousadjective

acutely insightful and wise

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

seed-time

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

seed-times

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

siftedverbUS /ˈsɪftɪd/

past form of “sift” — move as if through a sieve

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

sluggishadjectiveUS /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/

moving slowly

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

talentnounUS /ˈtælənt/

natural abilities or qualities

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

therebyadverbUS /ˈðerˈbaɪ/

by that means or because of that

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

THISdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It was amazing, considering his hot temper, with what patience he heard the grounds of our apprehension, and how he questioned and sifted the experience of the old farmers, till he was thoroughly convinced that all similar seed-times were ever followed by a short crop.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The spring was slow of coming, and cold and wet when it did come; the dibs were full, the roads foul, and the ground that should have been dry at the seed-time, was as claggy as clay, and clung to the harrow.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Foreseeing this, I gathered the opinion of all the most sagacious of my parishioners, and consulted with them for a provision against the evil day, and we spoke to Mr. Cayenne on the subject, for he had a talent by common in matters of mercantile management.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The labour of man and beast was thereby augmented; and all nature being in a state of sluggish indisposition, it was evident to every eye of experience that there would be a great disappointment to the hopes of the husbandman.

YEARnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading YEAR 1798 THIS was one of the heaviest years in the whole course of my ministry.

Chapter 31 of The Annals of the Parish by John Galt holds 65 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Annals of the Parish contain?

Chapter 31 holds 65 sentences of The Annals of the Parish, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Annals of the Parish by John Galt exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 65 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Annals of the Parish?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Annals of the Parish

Common questions about reading The Annals of the Parish by John Galt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Annals of the Parish?

Yes. All 1376 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1310 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Annals of the Parish is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1310, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Annals of the Parish take to read?

About 114 minutes of reading across 276 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Annals of the Parish section by section

How to work through The Annals of the Parish section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Annals of the Parish to begin.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Annals of the Parish

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Annals of the Parish, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Domini
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Annals of the Parish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thousand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Annals of the Parish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seven
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Annals of the Parish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Annals of the Parish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.