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The Annals of the Parish
The Annals of the Parish

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of The Annals of the Parish is here in full — 31 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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YEAR 1802 EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.
For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.
Therefore, at the beginning of the spring in this Ann.
Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.
What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Annals of the Parish

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of The Annals of the Parish is here in full — 31 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
YEAR 1802EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.
Line 2
For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.
/fɔːr əˈʃʊrədli æz jɪr ˈæftər jɪr hæz floʊn əˈweɪ ɑːn ðə swɪft wɪŋz ʌv taɪm aɪ hæv faʊnd maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈmeloʊɪŋ ənd maɪ dɪˈsɝːn.mənt ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ baɪ wɪtʃ aɪ hæv ɪn ðə ˌæftərˈnuːn ʌv laɪf bɪn eˈneɪbəld tuː fɔːrˈsiː wʌt kɪŋz ənd ˈneɪʃənz wʊd duː baɪ ðə ˈsɪmptəmz ˈmænəfestəd wɪˈðɪn ðə baʊndz ʌv ðə səˈsaɪəti ərˈaʊnd miː/
Line 3
Therefore, at the beginning of the spring in this Ann.
Line 4
Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.
Line 5
What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cultivate verb US /ˈkʌltəveɪt/

foster the growth of

From this reading “What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.”

discernment noun US /dɪˈsɝːn.mənt/

The ability to judge well and perceive the true nature of events.

From this reading “For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.”

improving adjective US /ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ/

getting higher or more vigorous

From this reading “For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.”

mellowing noun US /ˈmeloʊɪŋ/

the process of becoming mellow

From this reading “For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.”

misgivings noun US /mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋz/

plural of “misgiving” — uneasiness about the fitness of an action

From this reading “Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.”

stability noun US /stəˈbɪlɪti/

the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast

From this reading “Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.”

steadfast adjective US /ˈstedfæst/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading “Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.”

teaches noun US /ˈtiːtʃəz/

plural of “teach” — an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)

From this reading “YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1802

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

Ann

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore, at the beginning of the spring in this Ann.

apothegmnoun

a short pithy instructive saying

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

assuredlyadverbUS /əˈʃʊrədli/

without a doubt

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading Therefore, at the beginning of the spring in this Ann.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

boundsnounUS /baʊndz/

the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

commonaltynoun

a class composed of persons lacking clerical or noble rank

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

compliancynoun

a disposition or tendency to yield to the will of others

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

cultivateverbUS /ˈkʌltəveɪt/

foster the growth of

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

discernmentnounUS /dɪˈsɝːn.mənt/

The ability to judge well and perceive the true nature of events.

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

Dom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

enabledverbUS /eˈneɪbəld/

past form of “enable” — render capable or able for some task

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

EXPERIENCEverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

fearsnounUS /fɪrz/

plural of “fear” — an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

flownverbUS /floʊn/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

flutteringnounUS /ˈflʌtərɪŋ/

the motion made by flapping up and down

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

foolsnounUS /fuːlz/

plural of “fool” — a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

foreseeverbUS /fɔːrˈsiː/

realize beforehand

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

foundedverbUS /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

harmonynounUS /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

improvingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ/

getting higher or more vigorous

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

manifestedverbUS /ˈmænəfestəd/

past form of “manifest” — provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

mellowingnounUS /ˈmeloʊɪŋ/

the process of becoming mellow

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

misgivingsnounUS /mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋz/

plural of “misgiving” — uneasiness about the fitness of an action

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

principallyadverbUS /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

sensibleadjectiveUS /ˈsensəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Therefore, at the beginning of the spring in this Ann.

stabilitynounUS /stəˈbɪlɪti/

the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

steadfastadjectiveUS /ˈstedfæst/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

swiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

symptomsnounUS /ˈsɪmptəmz/

plural of “symptom” — (medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

teachesnounUS /ˈtiːtʃəz/

plural of “teach” — an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore, at the beginning of the spring in this Ann.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Therefore, at the beginning of the spring in this Ann.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading What my fears principally took their rise from, was a sort of compliancy, on the part of those in power and authority, to cultivate the old relations and parts between them and the commonalty.

uneasinessnounUS /ˌʌˈniːzinəs/

feelings of anxiety that make you tense and irritable

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Dom., I had misgivings at the heart, a fluttering in my thoughts, and altogether a strange uneasiness as to the stability of the peace and harmony that was supposed to be founded upon a steadfast foundation between us and the French people.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading For assuredly, as year after year has flown away on the swift wings of time, I have found my experience mellowing, and my discernment improving; by which I have, in the afternoon of life, been enabled to foresee what kings and nations would do, by the symptoms manifested within the bounds of the society around me.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

YEARnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading YEAR 1802 “EXPERIENCE teaches fools,” was the first moral apothegm that I wrote in small text, when learning to write at the school, and I have ever since thought it was a very sensible reflection.

Chapter 34 of The Annals of the Parish by John Galt holds 31 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 34 of The Annals of the Parish contain?

Chapter 34 holds 31 sentences of The Annals of the Parish, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 34 of The Annals of the Parish by John Galt exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 31 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 34 of The Annals of the Parish?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 34 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 34 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Annals of the Parish

Common questions about reading The Annals of the Parish by John Galt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Annals of the Parish?

Yes. All 1376 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1310 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Annals of the Parish is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1310, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Annals of the Parish take to read?

About 114 minutes of reading across 276 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Annals of the Parish section by section

How to work through The Annals of the Parish section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Annals of the Parish to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Annals of the Parish

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Annals of the Parish, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Domini
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Annals of the Parish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thousand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Annals of the Parish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seven
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Annals of the Parish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Annals of the Parish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.