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The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891
The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 is here in full — 1302 sentences across 261 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891
Context Illustration Reading 1/260 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BY PROF.
JOSEPH RODES BUCHANAN.
If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.
All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.
It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 is here in full — 1302 sentences across 261 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/260 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BY PROF.
Line 2
JOSEPH RODES BUCHANAN.
Line 3
If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.
Line 4
All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.
Line 5
It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abolished verb US /əˈbɑːlɪʃt/

past form of “abolish” — do away with

From this reading “It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.”

buchanan noun US /bjuːˈkænən/

15th President of the United States (1791-1868)

From this reading “JOSEPH RODES BUCHANAN.”

equip verb US /ɪˈkwɪp/

provide with (something) usually for a specific purpose

From this reading “It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.”

inalienable adjective US /ˌɪˈneɪljənəbəl/

incapable of being repudiated or transferred to another

From this reading “If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.”

inequality noun US /ˌɪnɪˈkwɑːləti/

lack of equality

From this reading “It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.”

legislate verb US /ˈledʒɪsleɪt/

make laws, bills, etc. or bring into effect by legislation

From this reading “If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.”

legislatures noun US /ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃərz/

plural of “legislature” — persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading “All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.”

puny adjective US /ˈpjuːni/

inferior in strength or significance

From this reading “It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

76

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

abolishedverbUS /əˈbɑːlɪʃt/

past form of “abolish” — do away with

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

agreeverbUS /əˈɡriː/

be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

beliefnounUS /bɪˈliːf/

any cognitive content held as true

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

biddingnounUS /ˈbɪdɪŋ/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

bribenounUS /braɪb/

payment made to a person in a position of trust to corrupt his judgment

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

BUCHANANnounUS /bjuːˈkænən/

15th President of the United States (1791-1868)

From this reading JOSEPH RODES BUCHANAN.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

buyverbUS /baɪ/

obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading BY PROF.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

clergymennounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒimɪn/

plural of “clergyman” — a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

controlnounUS /kənˈtroʊl/

power to direct or determine

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

democraticadjectiveUS /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/

characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

dreamedadjectiveUS /driːmd/

conceived of or imagined or hoped for

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

editorsnounUS /ˈedɪtərz/

plural of “editor” — a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

enforceverbUS /enˈfɔːrs/

ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

equalitynounUS /ɪˈkwɑːləti/

the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

equipverbUS /ɪˈkwɪp/

provide with (something) usually for a specific purpose

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

establishverbUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

set up or found

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

fellow-citizens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

hereditaryadjectiveUS /hərˈedəteri/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

hireverbUS /ˈhaɪər/

engage or hire for work

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

inalienableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈneɪljənəbəl/

incapable of being repudiated or transferred to another

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

inequalitynounUS /ˌɪnɪˈkwɑːləti/

lack of equality

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

JOSEPHnounUS /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading JOSEPH RODES BUCHANAN.

laborersnounUS /ˈleɪbərərz/

plural of “laborer” — someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

legislateverbUS /ˈledʒɪsleɪt/

make laws, bills, etc. or bring into effect by legislation

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

legislaturesnounUS /ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃərz/

plural of “legislature” — persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

lordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

policenounUS /pəˈliːs/

the force of policemen and officers

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

praisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

pretorianadjective

of or relating to a Roman praetor

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

PROFnoun

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading BY PROF.

punyadjectiveUS /ˈpjuːni/

inferior in strength or significance

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

pursuitnounUS /pərˈsuːt/

the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

republicnounUS /riˈpʌblək/

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

RODES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JOSEPH RODES BUCHANAN.

singverbUS /sɪŋ/

deliver by singing

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

threatenverbUS /ˈθretən/

pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

unequaladjectiveUS /əˈniːkwəl/

poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading It was thought we had abolished hereditary inequality; but in a land where our democratic lords can each hire fifty thousand men and equip an army if need be,--where a democratic American lord can buy a dozen of the puny lords of Europe,--the social equality dreamed of in '76 does not exist.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If we agree that all men are born free and equal, with certain inalienable rights,--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,--let us legislate to enforce our belief.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading All men are _not_ born equal, if one is born with power to live without toil; power to control the movements of a hundred thousand of his _unequal_ fellow-citizens; power to bribe legislatures; power to hire a pretorian guard of laborers, writers, editors, clergymen, and even soldiers or police to do his bidding and to sing his praise, and to threaten those who wish to establish a real republic.

Chapter 4 of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 by Various holds 1302 sentences, grouped into 261 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 1302 sentences of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891, unabridged, divided into 261 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1302 sentences, grouped into 261 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891?

Work through the 261 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 261 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891

Common questions about reading The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891?

Yes. All 2293 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19603 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19603, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 take to read?

About 191 minutes of reading across 459 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 section by section

How to work through The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Arena
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Oliver
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wendell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Holmes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Arena, Volume 4, No. 20, July, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.