Chapter IX

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

having a strong healthy body

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

plural of “appetite” — a feeling of craving something

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

past form of “attribute” — attribute or credit to

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

a native or inhabitant of Australia

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

relating to or containing bile

From this reading Typhoid and bilious fevers were the usual complaints, from which many died.

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

marked by lack of attention or consideration or forethought or thoroughness; not careful

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

plural of “complaint” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading Typhoid and bilious fevers were the usual complaints, from which many died.

a state at a particular time

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Typhoid and bilious fevers were the usual complaints, from which many died.

plural of “disease” — an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

without doubt; certainly

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

the act of consuming liquids

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

plural of “earthquake” — shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

the act of consuming food

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

plural of “fever” — a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection

From this reading Typhoid and bilious fevers were the usual complaints, from which many died.

involving financial matters

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Typhoid and bilious fevers were the usual complaints, from which many died.

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

usually; as a rule

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

highest in quality

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

the quality of being intemperate

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

a case for containing a set of articles

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

occurring by chance

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Typhoid and bilious fevers were the usual complaints, from which many died.

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

the force of workers available

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

device for converting sound waves into electrical energy

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

plural of “miner” — laborer who works in a mine

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

the quality or state of being mortal

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

used to form the superlative

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

the Romance language spoken in Portugal and Brazil

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

unusual or striking

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

the act of controlling by restraining someone or something

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

sturdy and strong in form, constitution, or construction

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

a boat propelled by a steam engine

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide

From this reading SICKNESS IN THE MINES--EARTHQUAKES--THE STEAMBOAT MEN--A MINERS’ MEETING--LUCKY BILL--KIT CARSON--THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MINERS--AUSTRALIAN MIKE AND HIS TIN CAN--PORTUGUESE JO--THE DIVINING-ROD.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water

From this reading Typhoid and bilious fevers were the usual complaints, from which many died.

not in or exhibiting good health in body or mind

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The explanation doubtless is that the healthy, strong and able-bodied men were more careless in their habits and mode of life; placed less restraint upon their appetites, and therefore suffered the consequences.

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading Typhoid and bilious fevers were the usual complaints, from which many died.

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

precisely as stated

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Typhoid and bilious fevers were the usual complaints, from which many died.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Much sickness prevailed among the mining classes, caused, as was generally believed, by the very unhealthy climate; but which, in fact, can be better attributed to their habits, mode of life, and intemperance in eating as well as in drinking.

which person or people

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading One fact was remarkable in relation to those who suffered from the various diseases at this time, which was that those among whom the sickness and mortality were greatest were, as a general rule, the most robust and able-bodied men.