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The Australian Explorers
The Australian Explorers

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Australian Explorers is here in full — 85 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PIONEERS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.
Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.
For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.
Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.
This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Australian Explorers

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Australian Explorers is here in full — 85 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PIONEERS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.
/ðə ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz ʌv ðə bluː ˈmaʊntənz/
Line 2
Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.
/ˈpɜːrsənz huː hæv jet tuː meɪk ðer əˈkweɪntəns wɪð ðə ˈɜːrli ˈhɪstəri ʌv nuː saʊθ weɪlz wɪl lɜːrn wɪð sərˈpraɪz ðæt ðə ˈkɑːləni hæd bɪn ˈfaʊndɪd fɔːr ˈɔːlmoʊst ə ˈkwɔːrtər ʌv ə ˈsentʃəri bɪˈfɔːr ðə bluː ˈmaʊntən ˈbæriər wɑːz krɔːst/
Line 3
For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.
/fɔːr soʊ lɔːŋ ə ˈpɪriəd ɪt wɑːz ˈskersli ˈpɑːsəbəl tuː prəˈsiːd mɔːr ðæn ˈfɔːrti maɪlz frʌm ˈsɪdni ɪn ˈeni dərˈekʃən/
Line 4
Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.
Line 5
This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.
/ðɪs sens ʌv kənˈfaɪnmənt wɑːz ðə ˈhɑːrdər tuː ber ðæt ɪt wɑːz met wɪð ɪn ə lænd ʌv ˈfriːdəm ənd ˈmeni ə taɪm dɪd ðə keɪdʒd ˈiːɡəl dæʃ ˌɪtˈself wɪð ˈfruːtləs reɪdʒ əˈɡenst ðə bɑːrz ʌv ɪts ˈprɪzən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

caged verb US /keɪdʒd/

past form of “cage” — confine in a cage

From this reading “This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.”

confinement noun US /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child

From this reading “This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.”

conform verb US /kənˈfɔːrm/

be similar, be in line with

From this reading “Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.”

convert verb US /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading “Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.”

dimensions noun US /dɪˈmenʃənz/

plural of “dimension” — the magnitude of something in a particular direction (especially length or width or height)

From this reading “Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.”

fruitless adjective US /ˈfruːtləs/

unproductive of success

From this reading “This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.”

pioneers noun US /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading “THE PIONEERS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.”

ramparts noun US /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading “Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

forty miles adjective + noun counted as “forty mile”

In this reading “For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.”

early settlers adjective + noun counted as “early settler”

In this reading “Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.”

against the bars preposition + article + noun counted as “against … bars”

In this reading “This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.”

BLUE MOUNTAINS adjective + noun counted as “blue mountain”

In this reading “THE PIONEERS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.”

early history adjective + noun

In this reading “Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.”

scarcely possible adverb + adjective

In this reading “For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.”

met with verb + particle counted as “meet with”

In this reading “This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.”

any direction adjective + noun

In this reading “For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

barriernounUS /ˈbæriər/

a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

barsnounUS /bɑːrz/

gymnastic apparatus consisting of two parallel wooden rods supported on uprights

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

BLUEadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading THE PIONEERS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.

cagedverbUS /keɪdʒd/

past form of “cage” — confine in a cage

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

colonynounUS /ˈkɑːləni/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

confinementnounUS /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

conformverbUS /kənˈfɔːrm/

be similar, be in line with

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

convertverbUS /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

cradlenounUS /ˈkreɪdəl/

a baby bed with sides and rockers

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

dashverbUS /dæʃ/

run or move very quickly or hastily

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

despairingadjectiveUS /dɪˈsperɪŋ/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

dimensionsnounUS /dɪˈmenʃənz/

plural of “dimension” — the magnitude of something in a particular direction (especially length or width or height)

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

eaglenounUS /ˈiːɡəl/

any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

foundedverbUS /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

frowningadjectiveUS /ˈfraʊnɪŋ/

showing displeasure or anger

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

fruitlessadjectiveUS /ˈfruːtləs/

unproductive of success

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

harderadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdər/

comparative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

marginnounUS /ˈmɑːrdʒən/

the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

MountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

MOUNTAINSnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading THE PIONEERS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE PIONEERS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

PersonsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

PIONEERSnounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading THE PIONEERS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

Procrustesnoun

(Greek mythology) a mythical giant who was a thief and murderer; he would capture people and tie them to an iron bed, stretching them or hacking off their legs to make them fit; was killed by Theseus

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

ragenounUS /reɪdʒ/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

rampartsnounUS /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

settlersnounUS /ˈsetlərz/

plural of “settler” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

SydneynounUS /ˈsɪdni/

the largest Australian city located in southeastern Australia on the Tasman Sea; state capital of New South Wales; Australia's chief port

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading For so long a period it was scarcely possible to proceed more than forty miles from Sydney in any direction.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PIONEERS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading This sense of confinement was the harder to bear that it was met with in a land of freedom; and many a time did the caged eagle dash itself with fruitless rage against the bars of its prison.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Many a despairing look must those early settlers have cast on the frowning ramparts of the range, which, leaving only a narrow margin between itself and the sea, threatened to convert the cradle of the colony into a Procrustes' bed, to which its dimensions would have to conform in the future, as they had done in the past.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Persons who have yet to make their acquaintance with the early history of New South Wales will learn with surprise that the colony had been founded for almost a quarter of a century before the Blue Mountain barrier was crossed.

Chapter 2 of The Australian Explorers by George Grimm holds 85 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Australian Explorers contain?

Chapter 2 holds 85 sentences of The Australian Explorers, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Australian Explorers by George Grimm exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 85 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Australian Explorers?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Australian Explorers

Common questions about reading The Australian Explorers by George Grimm on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Australian Explorers?

Yes. All 2490 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41270 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Australian Explorers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41270, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Australian Explorers take to read?

About 207 minutes of reading across 498 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Australian Explorers section by section

How to work through The Australian Explorers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of The Australian Explorers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Australian Explorers

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Australian Explorers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Australian Explorers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grimm
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Australian Explorers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dunmore
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Australian Explorers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Australian Explorers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.