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The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited
The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited is here in full — 186 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
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WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.
I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there on probation for a month.
I was naturally a good speaker, and as the cause had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.
The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.
One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not quite sound”; but he was overruled.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited is here in full — 186 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.
/ˈwɔːtər leɪn aɪ hæd naʊ riːtʃt ðə end ʌv maɪ fɔːrθ jɪr æt ˈkɑːlɪdʒ ənd ɪt wɑːz taɪm fɔːr miː tuː liːv/
Line 2
I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was thereon probationfor a month.
/aɪ wɑːz sent daʊn ˈɪntuː ðə ˈiːstərn ˈkaʊntiz tuː ə ˌkɑːŋɡrəˈɡeɪʃən wɪtʃ hæd lɔːst ɪts ˈmɪnəstər ənd wɑːz ðer ɑːn proʊˈbeɪʃən fɔːr ə mʌnθ/
Line 3
I was naturally a good speaker, and as thecausehad got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.
/aɪ wɑːz ˈnætʃərəli ə ɡʊd ˈspiːkər ənd æz ðə kɑːz hæd ɡɑːt ˈveri loʊ ðə əˈtendəns æt ðə ˈtʃæpəl ˌɪnˈkriːst ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə mʌnθ aɪ wɑːz ðer/
Line 4
The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.
/ðə ˈdiːkənz θɔːt ðeɪ hæd ə ˈprɑːspekt ʌv rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ prɑːˈsperəti ənd ɪn ðə end aɪ rəˈsiːvd ə ˈnɪrli juːˈnænəməs ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən wɪtʃ ˈæftər sʌm ˌhezəˈteɪʃən aɪ ækˈseptɪd/
Line 5
One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was notquite sound”; but he was overruled.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attendance noun US /əˈtendəns/

the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)

From this reading “I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.”

congregation noun US /ˌkɑːŋɡrəˈɡeɪʃən/

a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church

From this reading “I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.”

counties noun US /ˈkaʊntiz/

plural of “county” — (United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading “I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.”

deacons noun US /ˈdiːkənz/

plural of “deacon” — a Protestant layman who assists the minister

From this reading “The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.”

overruled verb US /ˌoʊvərˈruːld/

past form of “overrule” — rule against

From this reading “One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.”

probation noun US /proʊˈbeɪʃən/

a trial period during which your character and abilities are tested to see whether you are suitable for work or for membership

From this reading “I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.”

prosperity noun US /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading “The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.”

unanimous adjective US /juːˈnænəməs/

in complete agreement

From this reading “The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

attendancenounUS /əˈtendəns/

the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

chapelnounUS /ˈtʃæpəl/

a place of worship that has its own altar

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

collegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

congregationnounUS /ˌkɑːŋɡrəˈɡeɪʃən/

a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

countiesnounUS /ˈkaʊntiz/

plural of “county” — (United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

deaconsnounUS /ˈdiːkənz/

plural of “deacon” — a Protestant layman who assists the minister

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

fourthnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

HADauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.

hesitationnounUS /ˌhezəˈteɪʃən/

indecision in speech or action

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

invitationnounUS /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/

a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

LANEnounUS /leɪn/

a narrow way or road

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.

overruledverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈruːld/

past form of “overrule” — rule against

From this reading One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.

probationnounUS /proʊˈbeɪʃən/

a trial period during which your character and abilities are tested to see whether you are suitable for work or for membership

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

prosperitynounUS /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

returningadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

tending to return to an earlier state

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

Snale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading One of the deacons, a Mr. Snale, was against me; he thought I was not “quite sound”; but he was overruled.

speakernounUS /ˈspiːkər/

someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

unanimousadjectiveUS /juːˈnænəməs/

in complete agreement

From this reading The deacons thought they had a prospect of returning prosperity, and in the end I received a nearly unanimous invitation, which, after some hesitation, I accepted.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I was naturally a good speaker, and as the “cause” had got very low, the attendance at the chapel increased during the month I was there.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

WATERnounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I was sent down into the eastern counties to a congregation which had lost its minister, and was there “on probation” for a month.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading WATER LANE I HAD now reached the end of my fourth year at college, and it was time for me to leave.

Chapter 4 of The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited by William Hale White holds 186 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited contain?

Chapter 4 holds 186 sentences of The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited by William Hale White exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 186 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited by William Hale White on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3269, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 153 minutes of reading across 368 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Edited, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Present
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Edition
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Reprint
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First
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