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The Ayrshire Legatees
The Ayrshire Legatees

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Ayrshire Legatees is here in full — 7 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 7 lines
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On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.
Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.
As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.
The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought
to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham
was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion
until he saw the letter, the precentor took it out of his pocket, and Mr. Snodgrass found the contents as follows:--
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Ayrshire Legatees

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Ayrshire Legatees is here in full — 7 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 7 reading units · Lines 1–7

Line 1
On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.
Line 2
Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.
Line 3
As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.
Line 4
The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought
Line 5
to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham
Line 6
was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion
Line 7
until he saw the letter, the precentor took it out of his pocket, and Mr. Snodgrass found the contents as follows:--

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

consulting verb US /kənˈsʌltɪŋ/

-ing form of “consult” — get or ask advice from

From this reading “to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham”

elders noun US /ˈeldərz/

plural of “elder” — a person who is older than you are

From this reading “to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham”

helper noun US /ˈhelpər/

a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading “Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.”

mollified verb US /ˈmɑːləfaɪd/

inflected form of “mollify” — cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of

From this reading “was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion”

playhouse noun US /ˈpleɪhaʊs/

plaything consisting of a small model of a house that children can play inside of

From this reading “to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham”

recorded adjective US /rəˈkɔːrdɪd/

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading “to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham”

sermons noun US /ˈsɜːrmənz/

plural of “sermon” — an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading “Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.”

transgression noun US /trænzˈɡreʃən/

the act of transgressing; the violation of a law or a duty or moral principle

From this reading “was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion”

All words in this reading · 136

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

attractverbUS /əˈtrækt/

direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

bindverbUS /baɪnd/

stick to firmly

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

clergymannounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒimən/

a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

consultingverbUS /kənˈsʌltɪŋ/

-ing form of “consult” — get or ask advice from

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

contentsnounUS /ˈkɑːntents/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading until he saw the letter, the precentor took it out of his pocket, and Mr. Snodgrass found the contents as follows:--

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

Craig

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

desirousadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪrəs/

having or expressing desire for something

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

diffidentlyadverb

in a diffident manner

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

DoctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

eldersnounUS /ˈeldərz/

plural of “elder” — a person who is older than you are

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

fashionableadjectiveUS /ˈfæʃənəbəl/

being or in accordance with current social fashions

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading until he saw the letter, the precentor took it out of his pocket, and Mr. Snodgrass found the contents as follows:--

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

hastilyadverbUS /ˈheɪstəli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

helpernounUS /ˈhelpər/

a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

Ivanhoe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

mansenoun

a large and imposing house

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

mentionverbUS /ˈmenʃən/

make reference to

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

Micklewham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

mollifiedverbUS /ˈmɑːləfaɪd/

inflected form of “mollify” — cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading until he saw the letter, the precentor took it out of his pocket, and Mr. Snodgrass found the contents as follows:--

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

performancenounUS /pərˈfɔːrməns/

a dramatic or musical entertainment

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

playhousenounUS /ˈpleɪhaʊs/

plaything consisting of a small model of a house that children can play inside of

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

pocketnounUS /ˈpɑːkət/

a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading until he saw the letter, the precentor took it out of his pocket, and Mr. Snodgrass found the contents as follows:--

precentornoun

the musical director of a choir

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

recordedadjectiveUS /rəˈkɔːrdɪd/

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

sermonsnounUS /ˈsɜːrmənz/

plural of “sermon” — an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

Snodgrass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

table-drawer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading until he saw the letter, the precentor took it out of his pocket, and Mr. Snodgrass found the contents as follows:--

transgressionnounUS /trænzˈɡreʃən/

the act of transgressing; the violation of a law or a duty or moral principle

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading until he saw the letter, the precentor took it out of his pocket, and Mr. Snodgrass found the contents as follows:--

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

visitornounUS /ˈvɪzɪtər/

someone who visits

From this reading As soon, however, as Mr. Snodgrass saw his visitor, he hastily removed the book, and put it into the table-drawer.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading The precentor having taken a seat at the opposite side of the fire, began somewhat diffidently to mention, that he had received a letter from the Doctor, that made him at a loss whether or not he ought

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading On Sunday morning, before going to church, Mr. Micklewham called at the manse, and said that he wished particularly to speak to Mr. Snodgrass.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

worshipverbUS /ˈwɜːrʃəp/

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading to read it to the elders, as usual, after worship, and therefore was desirous of consulting Mr. Snodgrass on the subject, for it recorded, among other things, that the Doctor had been at the playhouse, and Mr. Micklewham

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading was quite sure that Mr. Craig would be neither to bind nor to hold when he heard that, although the transgression was certainly mollified by the nature of the performance. As the clergyman, however, could offer no opinion

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Upon being admitted, he found the young helper engaged at breakfast, with a book lying on his table, very like a volume of a new novel called _Ivanhoe_, in its appearance, but of course it must have been sermons done up in that manner to attract fashionable readers.

Chapter 18 of The Ayrshire Legatees by John Galt holds 7 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Ayrshire Legatees contain?

Chapter 18 holds 7 sentences of The Ayrshire Legatees, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Ayrshire Legatees by John Galt exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 7 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Ayrshire Legatees?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Ayrshire Legatees

Common questions about reading The Ayrshire Legatees by John Galt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Ayrshire Legatees?

Yes. All 1263 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1384 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Ayrshire Legatees is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1384, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Ayrshire Legatees take to read?

About 105 minutes of reading across 253 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Ayrshire Legatees section by section

How to work through The Ayrshire Legatees section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of The Ayrshire Legatees to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Ayrshire Legatees

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Ayrshire Legatees, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Year's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ayrshire Legatees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pringle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ayrshire Legatees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Received
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ayrshire Legatees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ayrshire Legatees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.