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The Backwoodsman
The Backwoodsman

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Backwoodsman is here in full — 204 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE JOURNEY CONTINUED.
At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.
I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.
I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.
It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Backwoodsman

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Backwoodsman is here in full — 204 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE JOURNEY CONTINUED.
/ðə ˈdʒɜːrni kənˈtɪnjuːd/
Line 2
At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.
/æt əˈbaʊt faɪv əˈklɑːk aɪ wɑːz əˈweɪkənd baɪ ðə sʌn huːz əˈbliːk biːmz wɜːr ˈeɪbəl tuː riːtʃ miː θruː ðə triːz/
Line 3
I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.
/aɪ felt riˈfreʃt ənd strɔːŋ meɪd zɑːr ɡet ʌp ˈsædəld ənd ˈfɑːloʊd ðə striːm wɪtʃ led miː tuː ðə ˈrɪvər aɪ hæd siːn ɪn ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/
Line 4
I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.
/aɪ əˈproʊtʃt ðə ˈvæli ˈkɔːʃəsli wen aɪ roʊd aʊt ʌv ðə ˈmaʊntən ɡɔːrdʒ ənd ˈkerfəli sərˈveɪd ɪt wɪð maɪ ɡlæs wɪˈθaʊt ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə treɪs ʌv ðə ˈɪndiənz ˈeniwer/
Line 5
It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈveri ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt fɔːr miː tuː noʊ ˈweðər ðeɪ hæd ɡɔːn ʌp ɔːr daʊn ðə ˈrɪvər ðə ˈlætər wɑːz ðə mɔːr ˈprɑːbəbəl bɪˈkɔːz moʊst ʌv ðə ˈbʌfəloʊ hɜːrdz aɪ hæd siːn ˈleɪtli wɜːr ˈɡoʊɪŋ ˈsaʊθwərd ənd ðə ˈsævədʒəz æz ə ruːl ˈfɑːloʊ ðiːz ˈænəməlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Czar noun US /zɑːr/

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading “I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.”

gorge verb US /ɡɔːrdʒ/

overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself

From this reading “I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.”

herds noun US /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading “It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.”

oblique adjective US /əˈbliːk/

slanting or inclined in direction or course or position--neither parallel nor perpendicular nor right-angled

From this reading “At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.”

refreshed adjective US /riˈfreʃt/

with restored energy

From this reading “I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.”

saddled adjective US /ˈsædəld/

having a saddle on or being mounted on a saddled animal

From this reading “I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.”

southward adverb US /ˈsaʊθwərd/

toward the south

From this reading “It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.”

surveyed verb US /sərˈveɪd/

past form of “survey” — consider in a comprehensive way

From this reading “I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

without finding preposition + noun

In this reading “I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.”

about five preposition + noun

In this reading “At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.”

get up verb + adjective

rise to one's feet

In this reading “I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.”

through the trees preposition + article + noun counted as “through … tree”

In this reading “At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.”

rode out verb + adjective counted as “ride out”

hang on during a trial of endurance

In this reading “I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.”

in the morning preposition + article + noun counted as “in … morning”

In this reading “I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.”

by the sun preposition + article + noun counted as “by … sun”

In this reading “At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

anywhereadverbUS /ˈeniwer/

at or in or to any place

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

awakenedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪkənd/

aroused or activated

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

beamsnounUS /biːmz/

plural of “beam” — a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

buffalonounUS /ˈbʌfəloʊ/

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

cautiouslyadverbUS /ˈkɔːʃəsli/

as if with kid gloves; with caution or prudence or tact

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

CONTINUEDadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading THE JOURNEY CONTINUED.

CzarnounUS /zɑːr/

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

gorgeverbUS /ɡɔːrdʒ/

overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

herdsnounUS /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

JOURNEYverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading THE JOURNEY CONTINUED.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

obliqueadjectiveUS /əˈbliːk/

slanting or inclined in direction or course or position--neither parallel nor perpendicular nor right-angled

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

probableadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːbəbəl/

likely but not certain to be or become true or real

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

refreshedadjectiveUS /riˈfreʃt/

with restored energy

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

saddledadjectiveUS /ˈsædəld/

having a saddle on or being mounted on a saddled animal

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

savagesnounUS /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

southwardadverbUS /ˈsaʊθwərd/

toward the south

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

surveyedverbUS /sərˈveɪd/

past form of “survey” — consider in a comprehensive way

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE JOURNEY CONTINUED.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

tracenounUS /treɪs/

a just detectable amount

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It was very important for me to know whether they had gone up or down the river; the latter was the more probable, because most of the buffalo herds I had seen lately were going southward, and the savages, as a rule, follow these animals.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I felt refreshed and strong, made Czar get up, saddled, and followed the stream, which led me to the river I had seen in the morning.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading At about five o'clock I was awakened by the sun, whose oblique beams were able to reach me through the trees.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I approached the valley cautiously when I rode out of the mountain gorge, and carefully surveyed it with my glass, without finding a trace of the Indians anywhere.

Chapter 8 of The Backwoodsman by Lascelles, Sir [Editor] Wraxall holds 204 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Backwoodsman contain?

Chapter 8 holds 204 sentences of The Backwoodsman, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Backwoodsman by Lascelles, Sir [Editor] Wraxall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 204 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Backwoodsman?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Backwoodsman

Common questions about reading The Backwoodsman by Lascelles, Sir [Editor] Wraxall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Backwoodsman?

Yes. All 5072 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37100 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Backwoodsman is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37100, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Backwoodsman take to read?

About 422 minutes of reading across 1015 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Backwoodsman section by section

How to work through The Backwoodsman section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Backwoodsman to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Backwoodsman

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Backwoodsman, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Backwoodsman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Backwoodsman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Backwoodsman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frontier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Backwoodsman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Backwoodsman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.