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The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance
The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.
Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”
In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.
When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”
The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.
Line 2
Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”
Line 3
In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.
Line 4
When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”
Line 5
The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alluded verb US /əˈluːdɪd/

past form of “allude” — make a more or less disguised reference to

From this reading “The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:”

deferred verb US /dɪˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “defer” — hold back to a later time

From this reading “Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?””

Eighth adjective US /eɪtθ/

coming next after the seventh and just before the ninth in position

From this reading “On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.”

executioner noun US /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənər/

an official who inflicts capital punishment in pursuit of a warrant

From this reading “In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.”

repentance noun US /rɪˈpentəns/

remorse for your past conduct

From this reading “When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.””

resembles verb US /rɪˈzembəlz/

third-person singular of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading “On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.”

Vizier noun US /vɪˈzɪər/

A high-ranking political advisor or minister to the sovereign monarch.

From this reading “On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.”

wither verb US /ˈwɪðər/

wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading “Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.”

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.””

following manner adjective + noun

In this reading “The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:”

on the subject preposition + article + noun counted as “on … subject”

In this reading “On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.”

In consequence preposition + noun

In this reading “In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

accordinglyadverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:

addressedadjectiveUS /əˈdrest/

(of mail) marked with a destination

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

alludedverbUS /əˈluːdɪd/

past form of “allude” — make a more or less disguised reference to

From this reading The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

Bakhtyār

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

complimentsnounUS /ˈkɑːmpləments/

(usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

confirmedadjectiveUS /kənˈfɜːrmd/

of persons; not subject to change

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

deferredverbUS /dɪˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “defer” — hold back to a later time

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:

discoursenounUS /ˈdɪskɔːrs/

extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

EighthadjectiveUS /eɪtθ/

coming next after the seventh and just before the ninth in position

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

executionernounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənər/

an official who inflicts capital punishment in pursuit of a warrant

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

hastenounUS /heɪst/

overly eager speed (and possible carelessness)

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

hearingnounUS /ˈhiːrɪŋ/

(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence

From this reading The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

invariablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

Jewel-Merchant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

MajestynounUS /ˈmædʒəsti/

impressiveness in scale or proportion

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The King expressed his desire of hearing the story to which he alluded; and Bakhtyār began it accordingly, in the following manner:

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

precipitancynoun

the quality of happening with headlong haste or without warning

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

prepareverbUS /priˈper/

make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

repentancenounUS /rɪˈpentəns/

remorse for your past conduct

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

resemblesverbUS /rɪˈzembəlz/

third-person singular of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

rootnounUS /ruːt/

(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

StorynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

ViziernounUS /vɪˈzɪər/

A high-ranking political advisor or minister to the sovereign monarch.

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In consequence of this discourse, the King ordered the executioner to prepare himself, and Bakhtyār was brought from prison.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading On the next morning, the Eighth Vizier, having paid his compliments to the King, addressed him on the subject of Bakhtyār, and said: “Government resembles a tree, the root of which is legal punishment.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

witherverbUS /ˈwɪðər/

wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading Now, if the root of a tree become dry, the leaves will wither: why then should the punishment of Bakhtyār be any longer deferred?”

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading When the unfortunate young man came before the King, he addressed him, and said: “If your Majesty will consider the consequences of haste and precipitancy, it will appear that they are invariably sorrow and repentance; as we find confirmed in the Story of the Jewel-Merchant.”

Chapter 10 of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance by William [Translator] Ouseley holds 68 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance contain?

Chapter 10 holds 68 sentences of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance by William [Translator] Ouseley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 68 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance

Common questions about reading The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance by William [Translator] Ouseley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance?

Yes. All 2184 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60316 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60316, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance take to read?

About 182 minutes of reading across 437 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance section by section

How to work through The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Persian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bakhtyār Nāma: A Persian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.