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The barbarous babes
The barbarous babes

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The barbarous babes is here in full — 442 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The barbarous babes
Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
(Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.
Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.
We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.
I generally make up the tortures because I’m the eldest.
My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The barbarous babes

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The barbarous babes is here in full — 442 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.
Line 2
Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.
Line 3
We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.
Line 4
I generally make up the tortures because I’m the eldest.
Line 5
My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

eldest adjective US /ˈeldəst/

first in order of birth

From this reading “I generally make up the tortures because I’m the eldest.”

games noun US /ɡeɪmz/

plural of “game” — a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading “(Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.”

Reprinted verb US /riˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “reprint” — print anew

From this reading “(Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.”

spoil verb US /spɔɪl/

make a mess of, destroy or ruin

From this reading “Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.”

Ted noun US /ted/

a tough youth of 1950's and 1960's wearing Edwardian style clothes

From this reading “Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.”

Teddy noun US /ˈtedi/

plaything consisting of a child's toy bear (usually plush and stuffed with soft materials)

From this reading “Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.”

tortures noun US /ˈtɔːrtʃərz/

plural of “torture” — extreme mental distress

From this reading “Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.”

torturing adjective US /ˈtɔːrtʃərɪŋ/

extremely painful

From this reading “(Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

kind permission adjective + noun

In this reading “(Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.”

two figures noun + noun counted as “two figure”

In this reading “My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.”

make up verb + adjective

form or compose

In this reading “I generally make up the tortures because I’m the eldest.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

doesn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

eldestadjectiveUS /ˈeldəst/

first in order of birth

From this reading I generally make up the tortures because I’m the eldest.

enjoyverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪ/

derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

FolksnounUS /foʊks/

your parents

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

gamesnounUS /ɡeɪmz/

plural of “game” — a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

Humphrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I generally make up the tortures because I’m the eldest.

I'm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I generally make up the tortures because I’m the eldest.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

LittleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

loveliest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I generally make up the tortures because I’m the eldest.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

MollynounUS /ˈmɑːli/

popular aquarium fish

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

permissionnounUS /pərˈmɪʃən/

approval to do something

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

playingnounUS /ˈpleɪɪŋ/

the act of playing a musical instrument

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

pretendverbUS /priˈtend/

make believe with the intent to deceive

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

properlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːpərli/

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

ReprintedverbUS /riˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “reprint” — print anew

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

selfishadjectiveUS /ˈselfɪʃ/

concerned chiefly or only with yourself and your advantage to the exclusion of others

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

SometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

spoilverbUS /spɔɪl/

make a mess of, destroy or ruin

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

TednounUS /ted/

a tough youth of 1950's and 1960's wearing Edwardian style clothes

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

TeddynounUS /ˈtedi/

plaything consisting of a child's toy bear (usually plush and stuffed with soft materials)

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

tinyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪni/

very small

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

torturesnounUS /ˈtɔːrtʃərz/

plural of “torture” — extreme mental distress

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

torturingadjectiveUS /ˈtɔːrtʃərɪŋ/

extremely painful

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading I generally make up the tortures because I’m the eldest.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading My name is Molly, and I’m the only one that has to use two figures for their age; I’m ten.

VioletnounUS /ˈvaɪəlɪt/

any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers

From this reading Sometimes we let the little ones, Violet and Ted, come in too, but they spoil things rather, because Teddy is so tiny and Violet doesn’t properly enjoy even the loveliest tortures.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading (Reprinted from _Little Folks_ by kind permission) It all started because Humphrey and me generally play together, and we generally play at torturing games.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We have promised Mother, though, that we will try not to be selfish, so we pretend we don’t mind their playing with us--much.

Chapter 1 of The barbarous babes by Edith Ayrton Zangwill holds 442 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The barbarous babes contain?

Chapter 1 holds 442 sentences of The barbarous babes, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The barbarous babes by Edith Ayrton Zangwill exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 442 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The barbarous babes?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The barbarous babes

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The barbarous babes

Words and structures a reader meets early in The barbarous babes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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