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The Barrier: A Novel
The Barrier: A Novel

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Barrier: A Novel is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Barrier: A Novel
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.
There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.
The second of these is the direct consequence of the first.
Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.
In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Barrier: A Novel

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Barrier: A Novel is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.
Line 2
There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.
/ðer ɪz ə ˈsɪti soʊ smɔːl pəˈlɪtɪkəli ðæt ɪt ɪz ˈbʌtənd ɪn wʌn mænz ˈpɑːkət/
Line 3
The second of these is the direct consequence of the first.
/ðə ˈsekənd ʌv ðiːz ɪz ðə dərˈekt ˈkɑːnsəkwəns ʌv ðə fɜːrst/
Line 4
Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.
Line 5
In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

buttoned adjective US /ˈbʌtənd/

furnished or closed with buttons or something buttonlike

From this reading “There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.”

community noun US /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading “In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.”

develop verb US /dɪˈveləp/

make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation

From this reading “In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.”

gloves noun US /ɡlʌvz/

plural of “glove” — the handwear used by fielders in playing baseball

From this reading “Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.”

guarding verb US /ˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “guard” — to keep watch over

From this reading “THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.”

maintaining verb US /meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.”

politically adverb US /pəˈlɪtɪkəli/

with regard to social relationships involving authority

From this reading “There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.”

superb adjective US /sʊˈpɜːrb/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading “In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

buttonedadjectiveUS /ˈbʌtənd/

furnished or closed with buttons or something buttonlike

From this reading There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.

CASEnounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

communitynounUS /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The second of these is the direct consequence of the first.

cotillionnoun

a ball at which young ladies are presented to society

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

developverbUS /dɪˈveləp/

make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading The second of these is the direct consequence of the first.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

exclusivenessnoun

tendency to associate with only a select group

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

familiesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

figureheads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The second of these is the direct consequence of the first.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

glovesnounUS /ɡlʌvz/

plural of “glove” — the handwear used by fielders in playing baseball

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

guardingverbUS /ˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “guard” — to keep watch over

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

LeadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

maintainingverbUS /meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

parvenus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

pocketnounUS /ˈpɑːkət/

a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.

politicallyadverbUS /pəˈlɪtɪkəli/

with regard to social relationships involving authority

From this reading There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The second of these is the direct consequence of the first.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There is a city so small, politically, that it is buttoned in one man's pocket.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

STATEMENTnounUS /ˈsteɪtmənt/

a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

superbadjectiveUS /sʊˈpɜːrb/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The second of these is the direct consequence of the first.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

well-to-doadjective

in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich

From this reading THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE There is a certain circle so well-to-do that it is occupied chiefly in guarding its property and maintaining its exclusiveness.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Leading families lead little except the cotillion, parvenus crowd in, and things are done at which no gentleman will soil his gloves.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading In the course of time, such a community might develop a strong active class and a superb set of figureheads, if only the two sorts would let each other alone.

Chapter 1 of The Barrier: A Novel by Allen French holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Barrier: A Novel contain?

Chapter 1 holds 131 sentences of The Barrier: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Barrier: A Novel by Allen French exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Barrier: A Novel?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Barrier: A Novel

Common questions about reading The Barrier: A Novel by Allen French on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Barrier: A Novel?

Yes. All 6781 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41890 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Barrier: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41890, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Barrier: A Novel take to read?

About 565 minutes of reading across 1357 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Barrier: A Novel section by section

How to work through The Barrier: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of The Barrier: A Novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Barrier: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Barrier: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Statement
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Barrier: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Barrier: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Circle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Barrier: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Well-to-do
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Barrier: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.