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The Battle of Life
The Battle of Life

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Battle of Life is here in full — 182 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.
It was fought upon a long summer day when the waving grass was green.
Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.
Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.
The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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The Battle of Life

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Battle of Life is here in full — 182 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.
/wʌns əˈpɑːn ə taɪm ɪt ˈmætərz ˈlɪtəl wen ənd ɪn ˈstɔːlwərt ˈɪŋɡlənd ɪt ˈmætərz ˈlɪtəl wer ə fɪrs ˈbætəl wɑːz fɔːt/
Line 2
It was fought upon a long summer day when the waving grass was green.
/ɪt wɑːz fɔːt əˈpɑːn ə lɔːŋ ˈsʌmər deɪ wen ðə ˈweɪvɪŋ ɡræs wɑːz ɡriːn/
Line 3
Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.
Line 4
Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.
/ˈmeni æn ˈɪnsekt dərˈaɪvɪŋ ɪts ˈdeləkət ˈkʌlər frʌm ˈhɑːrmləs liːvz ənd ɜːrbz wɑːz steɪnd əˈnuː ðæt deɪ baɪ ˈdaɪɪŋ men ənd mɑːrkt ɪts ˈfraɪtənd weɪ wɪð æn ənˈnætʃərəl træk/
Line 5
The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.
/ðə ˈpeɪntɪd ˈbʌtərflaɪ tʊk blʌd ˈɪntuː ðə er əˈpɑːn ðə ˈedʒəz ʌv ɪts wɪŋz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

butterfly verb US /ˈbʌtərflaɪ/

flutter like a butterfly

From this reading “The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.”

deriving noun US /dərˈaɪvɪŋ/

(historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase

From this reading “Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.”

goblet noun US /ˈɡɑːblət/

a drinking glass with a base and stem

From this reading “Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.”

herbs noun US /ɜːrbz/

plural of “herb” — a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests

From this reading “Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.”

insect noun US /ˈɪnsekt/

small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading “Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.”

perfumed adjective US /pərˈfjuːmd/

filled or impregnated with perfume

From this reading “Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.”

shrinking noun US /ˈʃrɪŋkɪŋ/

process or result of becoming less or smaller

From this reading “Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.”

stalwart adjective US /ˈstɔːlwərt/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading “ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.

AlmightynounUS /ɔːlˈmaɪti/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

anewadverbUS /əˈnuː/

again but in a new or different way

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

butterflyverbUS /ˈbʌtərflaɪ/

flutter like a butterfly

From this reading The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

cupnounUS /kʌp/

a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It was fought upon a long summer day when the waving grass was green.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

derivingnounUS /dərˈaɪvɪŋ/

(historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

dewnounUS /duː/

water that has condensed on a cool surface overnight from water vapor in the air

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

droppedverbUS /drɑːpt/

inflected form of “drop” — let fall to the ground

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

dyingadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪɪŋ/

in or associated with the process of passing from life or ceasing to be

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

edgesnounUS /ˈedʒəz/

plural of “edge” — the boundary of a surface

From this reading The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.

enamelled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

flowernounUS /ˈflaʊər/

a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

frightenedadjectiveUS /ˈfraɪtənd/

made afraid

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

gobletnounUS /ˈɡɑːblət/

a drinking glass with a base and stem

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading It was fought upon a long summer day when the waving grass was green.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading It was fought upon a long summer day when the waving grass was green.

HandnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

harmlessadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrmləs/

not causing or capable of causing harm

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

herbsnounUS /ɜːrbz/

plural of “herb” — a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

insectnounUS /ˈɪnsekt/

small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It was fought upon a long summer day when the waving grass was green.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.

ONCEadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.

perfumedadjectiveUS /pərˈfjuːmd/

filled or impregnated with perfume

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

shrinkingnounUS /ˈʃrɪŋkɪŋ/

process or result of becoming less or smaller

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

stainedadjectiveUS /steɪnd/

marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

stalwartadjectiveUS /ˈstɔːlwərt/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading It was fought upon a long summer day when the waving grass was green.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was fought upon a long summer day when the waving grass was green.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.

tracknounUS /træk/

a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

unnaturaladjectiveUS /ənˈnætʃərəl/

not in accordance with or determined by nature; contrary to nature

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading It was fought upon a long summer day when the waving grass was green.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Many an insect deriving its delicate colour from harmless leaves and herbs, was stained anew that day by dying men, and marked its frightened way with an unnatural track.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading ONCE upon a time, it matters little when, and in stalwart England, it matters little where, a fierce battle was fought.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading The painted butterfly took blood into the air upon the edges of its wings.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Many a wild flower formed by the Almighty Hand to be a perfumed goblet for the dew, felt its enamelled cup filled high with blood that day, and shrinking dropped.

Chapter 1 of The Battle of Life by Charles Dickens holds 182 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Battle of Life contain?

Chapter 1 holds 182 sentences of The Battle of Life, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Battle of Life by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 182 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Battle of Life?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Battle of Life

Common questions about reading The Battle of Life by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Battle of Life?

Yes. All 1692 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #676 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Battle of Life is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #676, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Battle of Life take to read?

About 141 minutes of reading across 339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Battle of Life section by section

How to work through The Battle of Life section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of The Battle of Life to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Battle of Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Battle of Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Matters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stalwart
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
England
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.