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The Battle of Sempach
The Battle of Sempach

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Battle of Sempach is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Battle of Sempach
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
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A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.
The Future Press.
1908.
One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.
The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Battle of Sempach

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Battle of Sempach is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.
Line 2
The Future Press.
/ðə ˈfjuːtʃər pres/
Line 3
1908.
Line 4
One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.
Line 5
The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.
/ðə braɪt ˈæktʃuːəli mɔːr ðæn braɪt sʌn ˈdæzəld daʊn ˈoʊvər ˈsweɪɪŋ ˈɑːrmər ˈsɜːrvɪŋ tuː ˈkʌvər ˈhjuːmən ˈbɑːdiz ˈoʊvər ˈprænsɪŋ ˈhɔːrsəz ˈoʊvər ˈhelməts ənd pɑːrts ʌv ˈfeɪsəz ˈoʊvər ˈiːkwaɪn hedz ənd teɪlz ˈoʊvər ˈɔːrnəmənts ənd pluːmz ənd ˈstɜːrəps æz bɪɡ æz ˈsnoʊʃuːz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Berlin noun US /bərˈlɪn/

capital of Germany located in eastern Germany

From this reading “A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.”

dazzled adjective US /ˈdæzəld/

having vision overcome temporarily by or as if by intense light

From this reading “The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.”

equine adjective US /ˈiːkwaɪn/

resembling a horse

From this reading “The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.”

helmets noun US /ˈhelməts/

plural of “helmet” — armor plate that protects the head

From this reading “The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.”

plumes noun US /pluːmz/

plural of “plume” — anything that resembles a feather in shape or lightness

From this reading “The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.”

prancing verb US /ˈprænsɪŋ/

-ing form of “prance” — to walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others

From this reading “The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.”

snowshoes noun US /ˈsnoʊʃuːz/

plural of “snowshoe” — a device to help you walk on deep snow; a lightweight frame shaped like a racquet is strengthened with cross pieces and contains a network of thongs; one is worn on each foot

From this reading “The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.”

stirrups noun US /ˈstɜːrəps/

plural of “stirrup” — support consisting of metal loops into which rider's feet go

From this reading “The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human bodies adjective + noun counted as “human body”

alternative names for the body of a human being

In this reading “The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.”

in the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “in … middle”

In this reading “One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.”

country road noun + noun

In this reading “One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.”

slowly down adverb + adjective

In this reading “One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1878

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.

1908

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1908.

1956

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

armournounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

BerlinnounUS /bərˈlɪn/

capital of Germany located in eastern Germany

From this reading A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

dazzledadjectiveUS /ˈdæzəld/

having vision overcome temporarily by or as if by intense light

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

dustyadjectiveUS /ˈdʌsti/

covered with a layer of dust

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

equineadjectiveUS /ˈiːkwaɪn/

resembling a horse

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

FutureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading The Future Press.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

helmetsnounUS /ˈhelməts/

plural of “helmet” — armor plate that protects the head

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

Luzern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

ornamentsnounUS /ˈɔːrnəmənts/

plural of “ornament” — something used to beautify

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

plumesnounUS /pluːmz/

plural of “plume” — anything that resembles a feather in shape or lightness

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

prancingverbUS /ˈprænsɪŋ/

-ing form of “prance” — to walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

PressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading The Future Press.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.

servingnounUS /ˈsɜːrvɪŋ/

an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

snowshoesnounUS /ˈsnoʊʃuːz/

plural of “snowshoe” — a device to help you walk on deep snow; a lightweight frame shaped like a racquet is strengthened with cross pieces and contains a network of thongs; one is worn on each foot

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

stirrupsnounUS /ˈstɜːrəps/

plural of “stirrup” — support consisting of metal loops into which rider's feet go

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

StorynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

swayingverbUS /ˈsweɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “sway” — move back and forth or sideways

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

tailsnounUS /teɪlz/

formalwear consisting of full evening dress for men

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Future Press.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The bright, actually more than bright, sun dazzled down over swaying armour serving to cover human bodies, over prancing horses, over helmets and parts of faces, over equine heads and tails, over ornaments and plumes and stirrups as big as snowshoes.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

Walser

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Story By Robert Walser (1878-1956) Berlin.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One day, in the middle of high summer, a military expedition was advancing slowly down the dusty country road that led towards a district of Luzern.

Chapter 1 of The Battle of Sempach by Robert Walser holds 144 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Battle of Sempach contain?

Chapter 1 holds 144 sentences of The Battle of Sempach, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Battle of Sempach by Robert Walser exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 144 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Battle of Sempach?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Battle of Sempach

Common questions about reading The Battle of Sempach by Robert Walser on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Battle of Sempach?

Yes. All 144 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41518 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Battle of Sempach is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41518, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Battle of Sempach take to read?

About 12 minutes of reading across 29 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Battle of Sempach section by section

How to work through The Battle of Sempach section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of The Battle of Sempach to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Battle of Sempach

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Battle of Sempach, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of Sempach; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Robert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of Sempach; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walser
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of Sempach; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Berlin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of Sempach; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.