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The Battle of the Books, and other Short
The Battle of the Books, and other Short

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Battle of the Books, and other Short is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Battle of the Books, and other Short
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.
It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.
Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.
In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.
There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Battle of the Books, and other Short

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Battle of the Books, and other Short is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.
/wen ə mæn ɪz meɪd ə ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl pɪr hiː ˈluːzəz hɪz ˈsɜːrneɪm wen ə ˈtempərəl hɪz ˈkrɪstʃən neɪm/
Line 2
It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.
/ɪt ɪz ɪn dɪsˈpjuːts æz ɪn ˈɑːrmiz wer ðə ˈwiːkər saɪd sets ʌp fɔːls laɪts ənd meɪks ə ɡreɪt nɔɪz tuː meɪk ðə ˈenəmi bɪˈliːv ðem mɔːr ˈnuːmərəs ənd strɔːŋ ðæn ðeɪ ˈrɪli ɑːr/
Line 3
Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.
/sʌm men ˈʌndər ðə ˈnoʊʃənz ʌv ˈwiːdɪŋ aʊt ˈpredʒədɪsɪz ɪˈrædəkeɪt ˈvɝː.tʃuː ˈɑːnəsti ənd rɪˈlɪdʒən/
Line 4
In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.
Line 5
There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.
/ðer ɑːr bʌt θriː weɪz fɔːr ə mæn tuː riˈvendʒ hɪmˈself ʌv ðə ˈsenʃər ʌv ðə wɜːrld tuː dɪˈspaɪz ɪt tuː rɪˈtɜːrn ðə laɪk ɔːr tuː ɪnˈdevər tuː laɪv soʊ æz tuː əˈvɔɪd ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

censure noun US /ˈsenʃər/

harsh criticism or disapproval

From this reading “There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.”

disputes noun US /dɪsˈpjuːts/

plural of “dispute” — a disagreement or argument about something important

From this reading “It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.”

eradicate verb US /ɪˈrædəkeɪt/

kill in large numbers

From this reading “Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.”

loses verb US /ˈluːzəz/

third-person singular of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading “When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.”

surname noun US /ˈsɜːrneɪm/

the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)

From this reading “When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.”

temporal adjective US /ˈtempərəl/

not eternal

From this reading “When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.”

weaker adjective US /ˈwiːkər/

comparative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading “It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.”

weeding verb US /ˈwiːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “weed” — clear of weeds

From this reading “Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

boundsnounUS /baʊndz/

the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

censurenounUS /ˈsenʃər/

harsh criticism or disapproval

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

commonwealths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

desiresnounUS /dɪˈzaɪərz/

plural of “desire” — the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

despiseverbUS /dɪˈspaɪz/

look down on with disdain

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

disputesnounUS /dɪsˈpjuːts/

plural of “dispute” — a disagreement or argument about something important

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

endeavournounUS /ɪnˈdevər/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

eradicateverbUS /ɪˈrædəkeɪt/

kill in large numbers

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

honestynounUS /ˈɑːnəsti/

the quality of being honest

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

limitnounUS /ˈlɪmət/

the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

losesverbUS /ˈluːzəz/

third-person singular of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

noisenounUS /nɔɪz/

sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound)

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

notionsnounUS /ˈnoʊʃənz/

plural of “notion” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

peernounUS /pɪr/

a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

possessionsnounUS /pəˈzeʃənz/

plural of “possession” — the act of having and controlling property

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

prejudicesnounUS /ˈpredʒədɪsɪz/

plural of “prejudice” — a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

revengenounUS /riˈvendʒ/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

setsnounUS /sets/

plural of “set” — a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

spiritualadjectiveUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

surnamenounUS /ˈsɜːrneɪm/

the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

temporaladjectiveUS /ˈtempərəl/

not eternal

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

weakeradjectiveUS /ˈwiːkər/

comparative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

weedingverbUS /ˈwiːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “weed” — clear of weeds

From this reading Some men, under the notions of weeding out prejudices, eradicate virtue, honesty, and religion.

well-instituted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When a man is made a spiritual peer he loses his surname; when a temporal, his Christian name.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading It is in disputes as in armies, where the weaker side sets up false lights, and makes a great noise, to make the enemy believe them more numerous and strong than they really are.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading In all well-instituted commonwealths, care has been taken to limit men's possessions; which is done for many reasons, and among the rest, for one which perhaps is not often considered: that when bounds are set to men's desires, after they have acquired as much as the laws will permit them, their private interest is at an end, and they have nothing to do but to take care of the public.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading There are but three ways for a man to revenge himself of the censure of the world: to despise it, to return the like, or to endeavour to live so as to avoid it.

Chapter 12 of The Battle of the Books, and other Short by Jonathan Swift holds 105 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Battle of the Books, and other Short contain?

Chapter 12 holds 105 sentences of The Battle of the Books, and other Short, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Battle of the Books, and other Short by Jonathan Swift exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 105 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Battle of the Books, and other Short?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Battle of the Books, and other Short

Common questions about reading The Battle of the Books, and other Short by Jonathan Swift on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Battle of the Books, and other Short?

Yes. All 1237 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #623 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Battle of the Books, and other Short is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #623, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Battle of the Books, and other Short take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Battle of the Books, and other Short section by section

How to work through The Battle of the Books, and other Short section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of The Battle of the Books, and other Short to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Battle of the Books, and other Short

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Battle of the Books, and other Short, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Battle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of the Books, and other Short; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of the Books, and other Short; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of the Books, and other Short; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Short
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Battle of the Books, and other Short; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.