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The Beginner's American History
The Beginner's American History

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Beginner's American History is here in full — 475 sentences across 95 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/95 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.
Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.
Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.
His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.
Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Beginner's American History

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Beginner's American History is here in full — 475 sentences across 95 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/95 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.
/ðə bɪˈɡɪnərz əˈmerəkən ˈhɪstəri ðə ˈpærəɡræf ˈhedɪŋz ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ðə ˈpærəɡræf ˈnʌmbərz wɪl biː faʊnd ˈjuːsfəl fɔːr ˈtɑːpəkəl ˈrefərəns ənd ɪf dɪˈzaɪərd æz ˈkwestʃənz baɪ ˈsɪmpli oʊˈmɪtɪŋ ðiːz ˈhedɪŋz ðə bʊk meɪ biː juːzd æz ə ˈriːdər ˈtiːtʃərz huː wɪʃ ə ˈreɡjələr set ʌv ˈkwestʃənz ɑːn iːtʃ ˈsekʃən wɪl faɪnd ðem æt ðə end ʌv ðə ˈsekʃən/
Line 2
Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.
Line 3
Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.
Line 4
His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.
Line 5
Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beginner's noun US /bɪˈɡɪnərz/

possessive form of “beginner” — someone new to a field or activity

From this reading “THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.”

discoverer noun US /dɪˈskʌvərər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading “Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.”

Genoa noun US /ˈdʒenoʊə/

a seaport in northwestern Italy; provincial capital of Liguria

From this reading “Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.”

headings noun US /ˈhedɪŋz/

plural of “heading” — a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about

From this reading “THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.”

index noun US /ˈɪndeks/

a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number

From this reading “Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.”

omitting verb US /oʊˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.”

seaport noun US /ˈsiːpɔːrt/

a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo

From this reading “Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.”

topical adjective US /ˈtɑːpəkəl/

pertaining to the surface of a body part

From this reading “THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

1436

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

1506

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

AMERICANnounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

BEGINNER'SnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnərz/

possessive form of “beginner” — someone new to a field or activity

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

BirthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

boy'snounUS /bɔɪz/

possessive form of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

boyhoodnounUS /ˈbɔɪhʊd/

the childhood of a boy

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

CHRISTOPHERnounUS /ˈkrɪstəfər/

Christian martyr and patron saint of travellers (3rd century)

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

COLUMBUSnounUS /kəˈlʌmbəs/

the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

definedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

DifficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

discoverernounUS /dɪˈskʌvərər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

GenoanounUS /ˈdʒenoʊə/

a seaport in northwestern Italy; provincial capital of Liguria

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

geographynounUS /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

headingsnounUS /ˈhedɪŋz/

plural of “heading” — a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

HISTORYnounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

indexnounUS /ˈɪndeks/

a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

likingnounUS /ˈlaɪkɪŋ/

a feeling of pleasure and enjoyment

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

map-drawing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

numberedverbUS /ˈnʌmbərd/

past form of “number” — add up in number or quantity

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

occurverbUS /əˈkɜːr/

come to pass

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

omittingverbUS /oʊˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

paragraphnounUS /ˈpærəɡræf/

one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

pronouncedadjectiveUS /prəˈnaʊnst/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

sailornounUS /ˈseɪlər/

any member of a ship's crew

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

seaportnounUS /ˈsiːpɔːrt/

a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

sectionnounUS /ˈsekʃən/

a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

SeeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

TeachersnounUS /ˈtiːtʃərz/

plural of “teacher” — a person whose occupation is teaching

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

topicaladjectiveUS /ˈtɑːpəkəl/

pertaining to the surface of a body part

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Seeing the boy's strong liking for the sea, his father sent him to a school where he could learn geography, map-drawing, and whatever else might help him to become some day commander of a vessel.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading THE BEGINNER'S AMERICAN HISTORY _The paragraph headings, following the paragraph numbers, will be found useful for topical reference, and, if desired, as questions; by simply omitting these headings, the book may be used as a reader._ _Teachers who wish a regular set of questions on each section will find them at the end of the section.

wool-comber

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father was a wool-comber.[4] Christopher did not care to learn that trade, but wanted to become a sailor.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Difficult words are defined or pronounced at the end of the numbered paragraph where they first occur; reference to them will be found in the index._ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1436-1506).[1] 1.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Birth and boyhood of Columbus.--Christopher Columbus,[2] the discoverer of America, was born at Genoa,[3] a seaport of Italy, more than four hundred and fifty years ago.

Chapter 1 of The Beginner's American History by D. H. (David Henry) Montgomery holds 475 sentences, grouped into 95 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Beginner's American History contain?

Chapter 1 holds 475 sentences of The Beginner's American History, unabridged, divided into 95 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Beginner's American History by D. H. (David Henry) Montgomery exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 475 sentences, grouped into 95 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Beginner's American History?

Work through the 95 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 95 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Beginner's American History

Common questions about reading The Beginner's American History by D. H. (David Henry) Montgomery on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Beginner's American History?

Yes. All 4210 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18127 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Beginner's American History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18127, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Beginner's American History take to read?

About 350 minutes of reading across 842 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Beginner's American History section by section

How to work through The Beginner's American History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of The Beginner's American History to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Beginner's American History

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Beginner's American History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Beginner's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Beginner's American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Beginner's American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Beginner's American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paragraph
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Beginner's American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.