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The Beginner's American History
The Beginner's American History

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Beginner's American History is here in full — 269 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Silkworm (note), 106.
Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.
Washington's, 135.
Jefferson beloved by his, 184.
Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Beginner's American History

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Beginner's American History is here in full — 269 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Silkworm (note), 106.
Line 2
Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.
Line 3
Washington's, 135.
Line 4
Jefferson beloved by his, 184.
Line 5
Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

colonies noun US /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.”

divides noun US /dɪˈvaɪdz/

plural of “divide” — a serious disagreement between two groups of people (typically producing tension or hostility)

From this reading “Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.”

Jefferson noun US /ˈdʒefərsən/

3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

From this reading “Jefferson beloved by his, 184.”

Jefferson's noun US /ˈdʒefərsənz/

possessive form of “jefferson” — 3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

From this reading “Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.”

planters noun US /ˈplæntərz/

plural of “planter” — the owner or manager of a plantation

From this reading “Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.”

Silkworm noun US /ˈsɪlkwərm/

the commercially bred hairless white caterpillar of the domestic silkworm moth which spins a cocoon that can be processed to yield silk fiber; the principal source of commercial silk

From this reading “Silkworm (note), 106.”

unchanged adjective US /ənˈtʃeɪndʒd/

not made or become different

From this reading “Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.”

Washington's noun US /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtənz/

possessive form of “washington” — the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading “Washington's, 135.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

106

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silkworm (note), 106.

135

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Washington's, 135.

179

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

180

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

184

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jefferson beloved by his, 184.

259

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

48

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

belovedadjectiveUS /bɪˈlʌvd/

dearly loved

From this reading Jefferson beloved by his, 184.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

buyverbUS /baɪ/

obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

coloniesnounUS /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

cottonnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

cotton-gin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

dividesnounUS /dɪˈvaɪdz/

plural of “divide” — a serious disagreement between two groups of people (typically producing tension or hostility)

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

freedverbUS /friːd/

past form of “free” — grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Jefferson beloved by his, 184.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

JeffersonnounUS /ˈdʒefərsən/

3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

From this reading Jefferson beloved by his, 184.

Jefferson'snounUS /ˈdʒefərsənz/

possessive form of “jefferson” — 3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading Silkworm (note), 106.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

plantersnounUS /ˈplæntərz/

plural of “planter” — the owner or manager of a plantation

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

raisingnounUS /ˈreɪzɪŋ/

the event of something being raised upward

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

SilkwormnounUS /ˈsɪlkwərm/

the commercially bred hairless white caterpillar of the domestic silkworm moth which spins a cocoon that can be processed to yield silk fiber; the principal source of commercial silk

From this reading Silkworm (note), 106.

SlavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

statesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

tobacconounUS /təˈbækoʊ/

leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

unchangedadjectiveUS /ənˈtʃeɪndʒd/

not made or become different

From this reading Jefferson's feeling in regard to, 184. how employed on cotton, 179. and the cotton-gin, 180. gradually freed at the North, 259. their condition unchanged at the South, 259. feeling at the South about, 259. feeling at the North about, 259. question of holding, divides the states, 259.

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading Slaves, negro, first brought to Virginia, 48. employed in raising tobacco, 48. planters grow rich by, 48. all the colonies buy, 48, 259.

Washington'snounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtənz/

possessive form of “washington” — the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading Washington's, 135.

Chapter 10 of The Beginner's American History by D. H. (David Henry) Montgomery holds 269 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Beginner's American History contain?

Chapter 10 holds 269 sentences of The Beginner's American History, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Beginner's American History by D. H. (David Henry) Montgomery exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 269 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Beginner's American History?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Beginner's American History

Common questions about reading The Beginner's American History by D. H. (David Henry) Montgomery on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Beginner's American History?

Yes. All 4210 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18127 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Beginner's American History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18127, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 350 minutes of reading across 842 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Beginner's American History

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Beginner's American History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Beginner's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Beginner's American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Beginner's American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Beginner's American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paragraph
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Beginner's American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.