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The Bishop's Secret
The Bishop's Secret

Chapter VI

Cover illustration for The Bishop's Secret
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.
In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.
The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.
For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.
But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bishop's Secret

Chapter VI

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.
Line 2
In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.
Line 3
The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.
Line 4
For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.
Line 5
But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Above preposition US /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading “THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.”

Beyond preposition US /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading “But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.”

Found noun US /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.”

Name noun US /name/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.”

Remained noun US /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.”

Shadow noun US /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading “For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.”

Speak noun US /speak/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.”

Within preposition US /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading “For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

aguish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

autumn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

barley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

base

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

bearded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

Beorminster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

black

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

bogs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

built

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

cathedral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

climbing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

defence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

denotes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

DERBY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

drained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

dwellings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

elevated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

eminence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

England

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

enterprise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

extended

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

fenlands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

former

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

foundnounUS /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

gardens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

girdle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

golden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

harvests

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

hill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

huddled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

islanded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

luxuriant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

marshes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

mass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

massive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

minster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

modern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

mud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

namenounUS /name/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

narrow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

ocean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

oppidan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

originally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

plain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

precisely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

purposes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

red-roofed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

remainednounUS /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

rendered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

rich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

round

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

rye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

salubrious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

sides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

slightly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

slopes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

speak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

spread

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From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

squeezed

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From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

streets

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From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

surrounded

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From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

surrounding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

times

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

town

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From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

uncomfortable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

unhealthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

upward

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From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

villas

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From this reading But now oppidan life extended beyond these walls; and houses, streets, villas and gardens spread into the plain on all sides.

walls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

wheat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In former times it had been surrounded by aguish marshes which had rendered the town unhealthy, but now that modern enterprise had drained the fenlands, Beorminster was as salubrious a town as could be found in England.

WINNER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DERBY WINNER As its name denotes, Beorminster was built on a hill, or, to speak more precisely, on an eminence elevated slightly above the surrounding plain.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading For the purposes of defence, the town had been built originally on the slopes of the hill, under the very shadow of the minster, and round its base the massive old walls yet remained, which had squeezed the city into a huddled mass of uncomfortable dwellings within its narrow girdle.

yielded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rich, black mud of the former bogs now yielded luxuriant harvests, and in autumn the city, with its mass of red-roofed houses climbing upward to the cathedral, was islanded in a golden ocean of wheat and rye and bearded barley.