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The black border
The black border

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The black border is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The black border
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.
This “’e” is ever in the Gullah mouth.
If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”
If winter comes, “’e freeze,” and in summer weather “’e hot.”
If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The black border

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The black border is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.
Line 2
This “’e” is ever in the Gullah mouth.
Line 3
If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”
Line 4
If winter comes, “’e freeze,” and in summer weather “’e hot.”
/ɪf ˈwɪntər kʌmz iː friːz ənd ɪn ˈsʌmər ˈweðər iː hɑːt/
Line 5
If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chile noun US /ˈtʃɪli/

a republic in southern South America on the western slopes of the Andes on the south Pacific coast

From this reading “If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.””

contraction noun US /kənˈtrækʃən/

(physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber)

From this reading “Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.”

diacritical adjective US /ˌdaɪəˈkrɪtəkəl/

capable of distinguishing

From this reading “Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.”

freeze verb US /friːz/

stop moving or become immobilized

From this reading “If winter comes, “’e freeze,” and in summer weather “’e hot.””

frequency noun US /ˈfriːkwənsi/

the number of occurrences within a given time period

From this reading “Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.”

fruitful adjective US /ˈfruːtfəl/

productive or conducive to producing in abundance

From this reading “If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.””

shading noun US /ˈʃeɪdɪŋ/

graded markings that indicate light or shaded areas in a drawing or painting

From this reading “Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.”

shuffled verb US /ˈʃʌfəld/

past form of “shuffle” — walk by dragging one's feet

From this reading “If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

shuffled off verb + particle counted as “shuffle off”

In this reading “If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.””

summer weather noun + noun

In this reading “If winter comes, “’e freeze,” and in summer weather “’e hot.””

cries out verb + adjective counted as “cry out”

utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

In this reading “If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.””

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

approachesnounUS /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

blessedadjectiveUS /blest/

highly favored or fortunate (as e.g. by divine grace)

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

breaksnounUS /breɪks/

plural of “break” — some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

chilenounUS /ˈtʃɪli/

a republic in southern South America on the western slopes of the Andes on the south Pacific coast

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

coilnounUS /kɔɪl/

a structure consisting of something wound in a continuous series of loops

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

contractionnounUS /kənˈtrækʃən/

(physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber)

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

criesnounUS /kraɪz/

plural of “cry” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

diacriticaladjectiveUS /ˌdaɪəˈkrɪtəkəl/

capable of distinguishing

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

duskyadjective

lighted by or as if by twilight

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

enounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

eenounUS /iː/

the branch of engineering science that studies the uses of electricity and the equipment for power generation and distribution and the control of machines and communication

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading This “’e” is ever in the Gullah mouth.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

FollowingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

freezeverbUS /friːz/

stop moving or become immobilized

From this reading If winter comes, “’e freeze,” and in summer weather “’e hot.”

frequencynounUS /ˈfriːkwənsi/

the number of occurrences within a given time period

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

fruitfuladjectiveUS /ˈfruːtfəl/

productive or conducive to producing in abundance

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

Gullah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This “’e” is ever in the Gullah mouth.

gwine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

hab

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

hindlegs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading If winter comes, “’e freeze,” and in summer weather “’e hot.”

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

infantnounUS /ˈɪnfənt/

a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This “’e” is ever in the Gullah mouth.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

kickverbUS /kɪk/

drive or propel with the foot

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

lightnin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

mortaladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrtəl/

subject to death

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading This “’e” is ever in the Gullah mouth.

mulenounUS /mjuːl/

hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

occurrencenounUS /əˈkɜːrəns/

an event that happens

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

pronouncedadjectiveUS /prəˈnaʊnst/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

shadingnounUS /ˈʃeɪdɪŋ/

graded markings that indicate light or shaded areas in a drawing or painting

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

shuffledverbUS /ˈʃʌfəld/

past form of “shuffle” — walk by dragging one's feet

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading If winter comes, “’e freeze,” and in summer weather “’e hot.”

t'unduh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This “’e” is ever in the Gullah mouth.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

uh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading If winter comes, “’e freeze,” and in summer weather “’e hot.”

wedduh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

winverbUS /wɪn/

be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious

From this reading If a storm approaches, “’e gwine to wedduh;” when it breaks, “’e t’unduh, ’e lightnin’, ’e blow win’, ’e rain.”

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading If winter comes, “’e freeze,” and in summer weather “’e hot.”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Following “uh” in frequency of occurrence comes “’e,” a contraction of he, she (but used also for it)--usually pronounced as “ee” in see, but sometimes approaching “e” in set and “i” in sit; but, without the use of diacritical marks, the exact shading cannot be expressed.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading If a man has shuffled off this mortal coil, “’e dead;” if a fruitful woman has blessed the earth, “’e hab chile;” if the dusky infant cries out upon the world, “’e cry;” if a mule be too free with her hindlegs, “’e kick.”

Chapter 8 of The black border by Ambrose Elliott Gonzalez holds 406 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The black border contain?

Chapter 8 holds 406 sentences of The black border, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The black border by Ambrose Elliott Gonzalez exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 406 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The black border?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The black border

Common questions about reading The black border by Ambrose Elliott Gonzalez on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The black border?

Yes. All 4936 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71432 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The black border is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71432, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The black border take to read?

About 411 minutes of reading across 988 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The black border section by section

How to work through The black border section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of The black border to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The black border

Words and structures a reader meets early in The black border, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Under
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The black border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shoulder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The black border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Africa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The black border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boldly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The black border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.