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The Black Douglas
The Black Douglas

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Black Douglas is here in full — 256 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.
The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.
For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.
The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.
The Earl summoned his victorious cousins, William and James, to ride with him and the tourney's Queen of Beauty.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Black Douglas

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Black Douglas is here in full — 256 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.
Line 2
The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.
Line 3
For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.
Line 4
The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.
Line 5
The Earl summoned his victorious cousins, William and James, to ride with him and the tourney's Queen of Beauty.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

approaches noun US /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading “The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.”

clap verb US /klæp/

put quickly or forcibly

From this reading “For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.”

cortege noun US /kɔːrˈteʒ/

a funeral procession

makers noun US /ˈmeɪkərz/

plural of “maker” — a person who makes things

From this reading “The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.”

penman noun US /ˈpenmən/

informal terms for journalists

From this reading “ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.”

platter noun US /ˈplætər/

a large shallow dish used for serving food

From this reading “For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.”

stewardship noun US /ˈstuːərdʃɪp/

the position of steward

From this reading “ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.”

thronged adjective US /θrɔːŋd/

filled with great numbers crowded together

From this reading “The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.”

All words in this reading · 126

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

ACCOUNTnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

ANDRO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

approachesnounUS /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

Avondale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

Avondale's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

BeautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading The Earl summoned his victorious cousins, William and James, to ride with him and the tourney's Queen of Beauty.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

clapverbUS /klæp/

put quickly or forcibly

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

cortegenounUS /kɔːrˈteʒ/

a funeral procession

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

cousinsnounUS /ˈkʌzənz/

plural of “cousin” — the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading The Earl summoned his victorious cousins, William and James, to ride with him and the tourney's Queen of Beauty.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

decentadjectiveUS /ˈdiːsənt/

socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

DouglasnounUS /ˈdʌɡləs/

United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

draughtnounUS /dræft/

a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

drawernounUS /drɔːr/

a boxlike container in a piece of furniture; made so as to slide in and out

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

encounterverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

come together

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

favoured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

fordnounUS /fɔːrd/

United States film maker (1896-1973)

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

GIVESnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

gossipnounUS /ˈɡɑːsəp/

light informal conversation for social occasions

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

haughtyadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːti/

having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

holidaynounUS /ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

innnounUS /ɪn/

a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

kissnounUS /kɪs/

the act of caressing with the lips (or an instance thereof)

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

LionnounUS /ˈlaɪən/

large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

makersnounUS /ˈmeɪkərz/

plural of “maker” — a person who makes things

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

noblyadverbUS /ˈnɑːbli/

in a noble manner

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

PENMANnounUS /ˈpenmən/

informal terms for journalists

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

platternounUS /ˈplætər/

a large shallow dish used for serving food

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

prickernoun

a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

prizenounUS /praɪz/

something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading The Earl summoned his victorious cousins, William and James, to ride with him and the tourney's Queen of Beauty.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

rideverbUS /raɪd/

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

seemlyadjective

according with custom or propriety

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

self-disciplinenoun

the trait of practicing self discipline

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

Sholto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

shoutings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

spectatorsnounUS /ˈspekteɪtərz/

plural of “spectator” — a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

staturenounUS /ˈstætʃər/

high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

STEWARDSHIPnounUS /ˈstuːərdʃɪp/

the position of steward

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

summonedverbUS /ˈsʌmənd/

past form of “summon” — call in an official matter, such as to attend court

From this reading The Earl summoned his victorious cousins, William and James, to ride with him and the tourney's Queen of Beauty.

tavernnounUS /ˈtævərn/

a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

tellingadjectiveUS /ˈtelɪŋ/

disclosing unintentionally something concealed

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

thereforadverb

(in formal usage, especially legal usage) for that or for it

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

throngedadjectiveUS /θrɔːŋd/

filled with great numbers crowded together

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

tourney's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Earl summoned his victorious cousins, William and James, to ride with him and the tourney's Queen of Beauty.

trainsnounUS /treɪnz/

plural of “train” — public transport provided by a line of railway cars coupled together and drawn by a locomotive

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

victornounUS /ˈvɪktər/

a combatant who is able to defeat rivals

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

victoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading The Earl summoned his victorious cousins, William and James, to ride with him and the tourney's Queen of Beauty.

virtuesnounUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Douglas _cortege_ rode home amid the shoutings of the holiday makers who thronged all the approaches to the ford in order to see the great nobles and their trains ride by, and Sholto and his men had much trouble to keep these spectators as far back as was decent and seemly.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

worsting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ANDRO THE PENMAN GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS STEWARDSHIP In the fighting of that day James Douglas, the second son of the fat Earl of Avondale, won the prize, worsting his elder brother William in the final encounter.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading For James Douglas had the easy popular virtues which would drink with any drawer or pricker at a tavern board, and made him ready to clap his last gold Lion on the platter to pay for the draught--telling, as like as not, the good gossip of the inn to keep the change, and (if well favoured) give him a kiss therefor.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading The victor was a nobly formed youth, of strength and stature greater than those of his brother, but without William of Avondale's haughty spirit and stern self-discipline.

Chapter 8 of The Black Douglas by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett holds 256 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Black Douglas contain?

Chapter 8 holds 256 sentences of The Black Douglas, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Black Douglas by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 256 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Black Douglas?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Black Douglas

Common questions about reading The Black Douglas by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Black Douglas?

Yes. All 6245 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17733 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Black Douglas is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #17733, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Black Douglas take to read?

About 520 minutes of reading across 1249 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Black Douglas section by section

How to work through The Black Douglas section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Black Douglas to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Black Douglas

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Black Douglas, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Merry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Black Douglas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whitsunday
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Black Douglas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fairest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Black Douglas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heartsomest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Black Douglas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.