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The Black Douglas
The Black Douglas

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Black Douglas is here in full — 354 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/70 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.
The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.
But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.
The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.
He wriggled discontentedly in his chair and grumbled under his breath.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Black Douglas

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Black Douglas is here in full — 354 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/70 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.
/ðə ˈʃæd.oʊ bɪˈhaɪnd ðə θroʊn wɪˈðɪn ðə ɡrɪm wɔːlz ʌv blæk ˈæŋɡərz duːk dʒɑːn ʌv ˈbrɪtəni ənd ˈreɪnɪŋ ˈsɑːv.rən ʌv ˈwestərn fræns wɑːz ˈhoʊldɪŋ hɪz kɔːrt/
Line 2
The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.
Line 3
But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.
Line 4
The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.
Line 5
He wriggled discontentedly in his chair and grumbled under his breath.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Angers noun US /ˈæŋɡərz/

plural of “anger” — a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance

From this reading “THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.”

Brittany noun US /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading “THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.”

discontentedly adverb US /ˌdɪskənˈtentɪdli/

with discontent; in a discontented manner

From this reading “He wriggled discontentedly in his chair and grumbled under his breath.”

flanking verb US /ˈflæŋkɪŋ/

-ing form of “flank” — be located at the sides of something or somebody

From this reading “The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.”

nominal adjective US /ˈnɑːmənəl/

relating to or constituting or bearing or giving a name

From this reading “But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.”

parchment noun US /ˈpɑːrtʃ.mənt/

A stiff, flat, thin material made from the prepared skin of an animal, used for writing.

From this reading “The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.”

reigning adjective US /ˈreɪnɪŋ/

exercising power or authority

From this reading “THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.”

turrets noun US /ˈtɜːrəts/

plural of “turret” — a small tower extending above a building

From this reading “The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

AngersnounUS /ˈæŋɡərz/

plural of “anger” — a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

appertainverb

be a part or attribute of

From this reading The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

BEHINDprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading He wriggled discontentedly in his chair and grumbled under his breath.

BrittanynounUS /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

centraladjectiveUS /ˈsentrəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading He wriggled discontentedly in his chair and grumbled under his breath.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.

discontentedlyadverbUS /ˌdɪskənˈtentɪdli/

with discontent; in a discontented manner

From this reading He wriggled discontentedly in his chair and grumbled under his breath.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

enceinteadjective

in an advanced stage of pregnancy

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

flankingverbUS /ˈflæŋkɪŋ/

-ing form of “flank” — be located at the sides of something or somebody

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

grumbledverbUS /ˈɡrʌmbəld/

past form of “grumble” — show one's unhappiness or critical attitude

From this reading He wriggled discontentedly in his chair and grumbled under his breath.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

lovingadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvɪŋ/

feeling or showing love and affection

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

nominaladjectiveUS /ˈnɑːmənəl/

relating to or constituting or bearing or giving a name

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

parchmentnounUS /ˈpɑːrtʃ.mənt/

A stiff, flat, thin material made from the prepared skin of an animal, used for writing.

From this reading The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.

properlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːpərli/

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

reigningadjectiveUS /ˈreɪnɪŋ/

exercising power or authority

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

SeventhadjectiveUS /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

SHADOWnounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

suzerainnoun

a state exercising a degree of dominion over a dependent state especially in its foreign affairs

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

THRONEnounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The city and fortress did not properly, of right and parchment holding, appertain to him.

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

turretsnounUS /ˈtɜːrəts/

plural of “turret” — a small tower extending above a building

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading He wriggled discontentedly in his chair and grumbled under his breath.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Duke sat in the central tower of the fortress of Black Angers, that which looks between the high flanking turrets of the mighty enceinte of walls.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

WithinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading THE SHADOW BEHIND THE THRONE Within the grim walls of Black Angers Duke John of Brittany and reigning sovereign of western France was holding his court.

wriggled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wriggled discontentedly in his chair and grumbled under his breath.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading But he had occupied it during the recent troubles with the English, and his loving cousin and nominal suzerain Charles the Seventh of France had not yet been strong enough to make him render it up again.

Chapter 20 of The Black Douglas by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett holds 354 sentences, grouped into 71 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Black Douglas contain?

Chapter 20 holds 354 sentences of The Black Douglas, unabridged, divided into 71 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Black Douglas by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 354 sentences, grouped into 71 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Black Douglas?

Work through the 71 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 71 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Black Douglas

Common questions about reading The Black Douglas by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Black Douglas?

Yes. All 6245 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17733 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Black Douglas is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #17733, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Black Douglas take to read?

About 520 minutes of reading across 1249 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Black Douglas section by section

How to work through The Black Douglas section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Black Douglas to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Black Douglas

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Black Douglas, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Merry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Black Douglas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whitsunday
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Black Douglas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fairest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Black Douglas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heartsomest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Black Douglas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.