Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Blue and the Gray
The Blue and the Gray

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Blue and the Gray is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Blue and the Gray
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.
It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.
General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.
Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.
On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Blue and the Gray

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Blue and the Gray is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.
/tiː ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ɔːl sɔːrts ʌv ˈruːmərz wɜːr ˈplenti/
Line 2
It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.
Line 3
General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.
Line 4
Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.
/ˈevriwʌn dɪˈklerd ðɪs tuː biː ðə ˈbætəl wɪtʃ wɑːz tuː kloʊs aʊt ðə rɪˈbeljən ənd ɔːl wɜːr ˈdʒuːbələnt æt ðə ˈprɑːspekt/
Line 5
On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accompaniments noun US /əˈkʌmpnɪmənts/

plural of “accompaniment” — an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading “General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.”

civilians noun US /səˈvɪljənz/

plural of “civilian” — a nonmilitary citizen

From this reading “General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.”

Confederates noun US /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading “On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.”

congressmen noun US /ˈkɑːŋɡrəsmɪn/

plural of “congressman” — a member of the United States House of Representatives

From this reading “General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.”

jubilant adjective US /ˈdʒuːbələnt/

joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success

From this reading “Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.”

motley noun US /ˈmɑːtli/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading “General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.”

reporters noun US /rɪˈpɔːrtərz/

plural of “reporter” — a person who investigates and reports or edits news stories

From this reading “General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.”

rumors noun US /ˈruːmərz/

plural of “rumor” — gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading “T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

generally known adverb + adjective

In this reading “It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.”

all sorts adjective + noun counted as “all sort”

In this reading “T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.”

curious sight adjective + noun

In this reading “General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.”

at the prospect preposition + article + noun counted as “at … prospect”

In this reading “Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.”

on foot preposition + noun

In this reading “General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

accompanimentsnounUS /əˈkʌmpnɪmənts/

plural of “accompaniment” — an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

barriernounUS /ˈbæriər/

a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

Beauregard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

BullnounUS /bʊl/

uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

civiliansnounUS /səˈvɪljənz/

plural of “civilian” — a nonmilitary citizen

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

columnsnounUS /ˈkɑːləmz/

plural of “column” — a line of units following one after another

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

ConfederatesnounUS /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

congressmennounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəsmɪn/

plural of “congressman” — a member of the United States House of Representatives

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

EveryonepronounUS /ˈevriwʌn/

every person

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

executeverbUS /ˈeksəkjuːt/

kill as a means of socially sanctioned punishment

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

flanknounUS /flæŋk/

the side of military or naval formation

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

jubilantadjectiveUS /ˈdʒuːbələnt/

joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

marchingnounUS /ˈmɑːrtʃɪŋ/

the act of marching; walking with regular steps (especially in a procession of some kind)

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

McDowell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

motleynounUS /ˈmɑːtli/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

planningnounUS /ˈplænɪŋ/

an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.

presentedverbUS /priˈzentɪd/

past form of “present” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

rebellionnounUS /rɪˈbeljən/

refusal to accept some authority or code or convention

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

reportersnounUS /rɪˈpɔːrtərz/

plural of “reporter” — a person who investigates and reports or edits news stories

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

rumorsnounUS /ˈruːmərz/

plural of “rumor” — gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.

RunverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

sight-seers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading It was generally known, however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream presented a natural barrier.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Everyone declared this to be the battle which was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute a flank movement upon the Confederates' left.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading General McDowell left Washington with a force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a motley and curious sight.

Chapter 4 of The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White holds 68 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Blue and the Gray contain?

Chapter 4 holds 68 sentences of The Blue and the Gray, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 68 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Blue and the Gray?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Blue and the Gray

Common questions about reading The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Blue and the Gray?

Yes. All 4208 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45382 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Blue and the Gray is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45382, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Blue and the Gray take to read?

About 350 minutes of reading across 842 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Blue and the Gray section by section

How to work through The Blue and the Gray section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of The Blue and the Gray to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Blue and the Gray

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Blue and the Gray, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Patriotism
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Adventure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Union
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.