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The Blue and the Gray
The Blue and the Gray

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Blue and the Gray is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Blue and the Gray
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.
The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.
He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.
I can't understand what ails me,” he thought.
I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Blue and the Gray

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Blue and the Gray is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.
Line 2
The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.
/ðə ɪkˈsaɪtmənt ʌv ðæt siːn ʌv ˈkɑːrnɪdʒ ənd hɪz ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən toʊld əˈpɑːn hɪz freɪm/
Line 3
He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.
/hiː fʊlˈfɪld hɪz ˈduːti æz wel æz hiː kʊd hiː wɑːz ˈtʃɪrfəl ənd əˈlɜːrt hiː roʊt mɔːr ˈɔːfən tuː hɪz dɪr ˈmʌðər wɪˈθaʊt ˈevər əˈluːdɪŋ tuː hɪz helθ/
Line 4
I can't understand what ails me,” he thought.
Line 5
I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.
/aɪ hæv ˈnevər rəˈsiːvd ə waʊnd waɪl sʌm ʌv ðə bɔɪz huː hæv bɪn ˈbædli kʌt ʌp ɑːr wel əˈɡen ənd siːm æz strɔːŋ æz ˈevər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ails noun US /eɪlz/

plural of “ail” — aromatic bulb used as seasoning

From this reading ““I can't understand what ails me,” he thought.”

alert adjective US /əˈlɜːrt/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading “He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.”

alluding verb US /əˈluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “allude” — make a more or less disguised reference to

From this reading “He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.”

carnage noun US /ˈkɑːrnɪdʒ/

the savage and excessive killing of many people

From this reading “The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.”

exhaustion noun US /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/

extreme fatigue

From this reading “The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.”

Fredericksburg noun US /ˈfredrɪksbərɡ/

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

From this reading “FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.”

fulfilled adjective US /fʊlˈfɪld/

completed to perfection

From this reading “He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.”

slaughter noun US /ˈslɔːtər/

the killing of animals (as for food)

From this reading “FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

dear mother adjective + noun

In this reading “He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.”

cut up verb + adjective

cut to pieces

In this reading ““I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

156

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

ailsnounUS /eɪlz/

plural of “ail” — aromatic bulb used as seasoning

From this reading “I can't understand what ails me,” he thought.

alertadjectiveUS /əˈlɜːrt/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

alludingverbUS /əˈluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “allude” — make a more or less disguised reference to

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

badlyadverbUS /ˈbædli/

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I can't understand what ails me,” he thought.

carnagenounUS /ˈkɑːrnɪdʒ/

the savage and excessive killing of many people

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

excitementnounUS /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

the feeling of lively and cheerful joy

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

exhaustionnounUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/

extreme fatigue

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

FredericksburgnounUS /ˈfredrɪksbərɡ/

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

FTER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

fulfilledadjectiveUS /fʊlˈfɪld/

completed to perfection

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “I can't understand what ails me,” he thought.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “I can't understand what ails me,” he thought.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

Ralph

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

slaughternounUS /ˈslɔːtər/

the killing of animals (as for food)

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FTER the {156}slaughter at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading “I can't understand what ails me,” he thought.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading “I can't understand what ails me,” he thought.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The excitement of that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “I can't understand what ails me,” he thought.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading “I have never received a wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again, and seem as strong as ever.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.

Chapter 16 of The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White holds 155 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Blue and the Gray contain?

Chapter 16 holds 155 sentences of The Blue and the Gray, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 155 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Blue and the Gray?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Blue and the Gray

Common questions about reading The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Blue and the Gray?

Yes. All 4208 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45382 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Blue and the Gray is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45382, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Blue and the Gray take to read?

About 350 minutes of reading across 842 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Blue and the Gray section by section

How to work through The Blue and the Gray section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of The Blue and the Gray to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Blue and the Gray

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Blue and the Gray, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Patriotism
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Adventure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Union
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.