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The Blue and the Gray
The Blue and the Gray

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of The Blue and the Gray is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.
General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.
A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.
The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.
In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Blue and the Gray

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of The Blue and the Gray is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.
Line 2
General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.
/ˈdʒenərəl ˈʃɜːrmənz kɔːr wɜːr suːn ˈbɪzi ˈfelɪŋ triːz ənd ˈleɪɪŋ plæŋks/
Line 3
A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.
/ə ræft brɪdʒ wɑːz naʊ kənˈstrʌktəd ənd ə brɪdʒ wɑːz ˈɔːlsoʊ ˈhɜːrid təˈɡeðər wɪð ˈkɑːtən beɪlz fɔːr ˌpɑːnˈtuːnz/
Line 4
The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.
/ðə nekst step wɑːz tuː kʌt triːz ɑːn iːtʃ saɪd ʌv ðə ˈrɪvər ɪn sʌtʃ ə ˈmænər ðæt ðer trʌŋks wɜːr nɑːt ˈsevərd bʌt klʌŋ tuː ðə stʌmps/
Line 5
In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bales noun US /beɪlz/

plural of “bale” — a large bundle bound for storage or transport

From this reading “A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.”

felling verb US /ˈfelɪŋ/

-ing form of “fell” — cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading “General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.”

pontoons noun US /ˌpɑːnˈtuːnz/

plural of “pontoon” — (nautical) a floating structure (as a flat-bottomed boat) that serves as a dock or to support a bridge

From this reading “A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.”

severed adjective US /ˈsevərd/

detached by cutting

From this reading “The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.”

Sherman noun US /ˈʃɜːrmən/

United States general who was commander of all Union troops in the West; he captured Atlanta and led a destructive march to the sea that cut the Confederacy in two (1820-1891)

From this reading “General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.”

Sherman's noun US /ˈʃɜːrmənz/

possessive form of “sherman” — United States general who was commander of all Union troops in the West; he captured Atlanta and led a destructive march to the sea that cut the Confederacy in two (1820-1891)

From this reading “General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.”

smoky adjective US /ˈsmoʊki/

marked by or emitting or filled with smoke

From this reading “In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.”

stumps noun US /stʌmps/

plural of “stump” — the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled

From this reading “The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.”

across the stream preposition + article + noun counted as “across … stream”

In this reading “In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.”

next step adjective + noun

In this reading “The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

195

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

balesnounUS /beɪlz/

plural of “bale” — a large bundle bound for storage or transport

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

BigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

blue-coats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

boughsnounUS /baʊz/

plural of “bough” — any of the larger branches of a tree

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

bridgesnounUS /ˈbrɪdʒəz/

United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

clungverbUS /klʌŋ/

inflected form of “cling” — come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

constructedverbUS /kənˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

corpsnounUS /kɔːr/

an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

cottonnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

ENERAL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

fellingverbUS /ˈfelɪŋ/

-ing form of “fell” — cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

firmlyadverbUS /ˈfɜːrmli/

with resolute determination

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

GeneralsnounUS /ˈdʒenərəlz/

plural of “general” — a general officer of the highest rank

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

GRANTverbUS /ɡrænt/

let have

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

graspedverbUS /ɡræspt/

past form of “grasp” — hold firmly

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

layingnounUS /ˈleɪɪŋ/

the production of eggs (especially in birds)

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

logverbUS /lɔːɡ/

enter into a log, as on ships and planes

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

pinenounUS /paɪn/

a coniferous tree

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

pitchnounUS /pɪtʃ/

the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

planksnounUS /plæŋks/

plural of “plank” — a stout length of sawn timber; made in a wide variety of sizes and used for many purposes

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

pontoonsnounUS /ˌpɑːnˈtuːnz/

plural of “pontoon” — (nautical) a floating structure (as a flat-bottomed boat) that serves as a dock or to support a bridge

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

raftnounUS /ræft/

a flat float (usually made of logs or planks) that can be used for transport or as a platform for swimmers

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

ruddyadjectiveUS /ˈrʌdi/

inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

severedadjectiveUS /ˈsevərd/

detached by cutting

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

ShermannounUS /ˈʃɜːrmən/

United States general who was commander of all Union troops in the West; he captured Atlanta and led a destructive march to the sea that cut the Confederacy in two (1820-1891)

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

Sherman'snounUS /ˈʃɜːrmənz/

possessive form of “sherman” — United States general who was commander of all Union troops in the West; he captured Atlanta and led a destructive march to the sea that cut the Confederacy in two (1820-1891)

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

smokyadjectiveUS /ˈsmoʊki/

marked by or emitting or filled with smoke

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

stumpsnounUS /stʌmps/

plural of “stump” — the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

throwingverbUS /ˈθroʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

torchesnounUS /ˈtɔːrtʃɪz/

plural of “torch” — a light usually carried in the hand; consists of some flammable substance

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

trunksnounUS /trʌŋks/

(used in the plural) trousers that end at or above the knee

From this reading The next step was to cut trees on each side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but clung to the stumps.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

watchedverbUS /wɑːtʃt/

past form of “watch” — look attentively

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

weirdadjectiveUS /wɪrd/

suggesting the operation of supernatural influences

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading In falling across the stream, their boughs met and grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their weird shadows over the scene.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together, with cotton bales for pontoons.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading ENERAL {195}GRANT set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.

Chapter 19 of The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White holds 115 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of The Blue and the Gray contain?

Chapter 19 holds 115 sentences of The Blue and the Gray, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 115 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of The Blue and the Gray?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Blue and the Gray

Common questions about reading The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Blue and the Gray?

Yes. All 4208 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45382 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Blue and the Gray is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45382, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Blue and the Gray take to read?

About 350 minutes of reading across 842 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Blue and the Gray section by section

How to work through The Blue and the Gray section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of The Blue and the Gray to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Blue and the Gray

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Blue and the Gray, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Patriotism
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Adventure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Union
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.