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The Blue and the Gray
The Blue and the Gray

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Blue and the Gray is here in full — 869 sentences across 174 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Blue and the Gray
Context Illustration Reading 1/173 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ICHMOND has {234}surrendered!
The army of Lee has retreated!
From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”
The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.
Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Blue and the Gray

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Blue and the Gray is here in full — 869 sentences across 174 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/173 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ICHMOND has {234}surrendered!
Line 2
The army of Lee has retreated!
/ðə ˈɑːrmi ʌv liː hæz riˈtriːtəd/
Line 3
From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”
Line 4
The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.
/ðə wɜːrdz ræŋ aʊt ənd ðə striːts ʌv ðə ˈsɪtiz wɜːr fɪld wɪð ɪkˈsaɪtəd kraʊdz ʌv men ənd ˈwɪmən huː wɜːr ˈfræntɪk wɪð dʒɔɪ/
Line 5
Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.
/ˈiːvɪn ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈtʃɪldrən siːmd tuː hæv bɪˈkʌm ˌɪnˈspaɪərd wɪð ðə ɪnˈθuːziæzəm ənd læft ənd dænst ðeɪ nuː nɑːt waɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bivouac noun US /ˈbɪvwæk/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading “From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!””

crowds noun US /kraʊdz/

plural of “crowd” — a large number of things or people considered together

From this reading “The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.”

echoes noun US /ˈekoʊz/

plural of “echo” — the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves

From this reading “From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!””

frantic adjective US /ˈfræntɪk/

excessively agitated; distraught with fear or other violent emotion

From this reading “The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.”

joyful adjective US /ˈdʒɔɪfəl/

full of or producing joy

From this reading “From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!””

retreated noun US /riˈtriːtəd/

people who have retreated

From this reading “The army of Lee has retreated!”

surrendered verb US /sərˈendərd/

past form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading “ICHMOND has {234}surrendered!”

tidings noun US /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading “From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

joyful tidings adjective + noun

In this reading “From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!””

glad tidings adjective + noun

In this reading “From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!””

rang out verb + adjective counted as “ring out”

sound loudly

In this reading “The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.”

vast city adjective + noun

In this reading “From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!””

little village adjective + noun

In this reading “From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!””

little children adjective + noun counted as “little child”

In this reading “Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.”

with joy preposition + noun

In this reading “The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.”

crowds of verb + particle counted as “crowd of”

In this reading “The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1865

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

234

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ICHMOND has {234}surrendered!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The army of Lee has retreated!

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

bivouacnounUS /ˈbɪvwæk/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

crowdsnounUS /kraʊdz/

plural of “crowd” — a large number of things or people considered together

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

dancedverbUS /dænst/

past form of “dance” — move in a graceful and rhythmical way

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

echoesnounUS /ˈekoʊz/

plural of “echo” — the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

enthusiasmnounUS /ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/

a feeling of excitement

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

excitedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsaɪtəd/

(of persons) excessively affected by emotion

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

franticadjectiveUS /ˈfræntɪk/

excessively agitated; distraught with fear or other violent emotion

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ICHMOND has {234}surrendered!

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

ICHMOND

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ICHMOND has {234}surrendered!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

inspiredadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

joyfuladjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪfəl/

full of or producing joy

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

laughedverbUS /læft/

past form of “laugh” — produce laughter

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

LeenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading The army of Lee has retreated!

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The army of Lee has retreated!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

rangverbUS /ræŋ/

inflected form of “ring” — sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

retreatednounUS /riˈtriːtəd/

people who have retreated

From this reading The army of Lee has retreated!

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

ShoutverbUS /ʃaʊt/

utter in a loud voice; talk in a loud voice (usually denoting characteristic manner of speaking)

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

surrenderedverbUS /sərˈendərd/

past form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading ICHMOND has {234}surrendered!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The army of Lee has retreated!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

tidingsnounUS /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading From every little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, “Shout the glad tidings!”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Even the little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and laughed and danced, they knew not why.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy.

Chapter 21 of The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White holds 869 sentences, grouped into 174 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Blue and the Gray contain?

Chapter 21 holds 869 sentences of The Blue and the Gray, unabridged, divided into 174 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 869 sentences, grouped into 174 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Blue and the Gray?

Work through the 174 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 174 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Blue and the Gray

Common questions about reading The Blue and the Gray by Annie Randall White on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Blue and the Gray?

Yes. All 4208 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45382 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Blue and the Gray is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45382, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Blue and the Gray take to read?

About 350 minutes of reading across 842 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Blue and the Gray section by section

How to work through The Blue and the Gray section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Blue and the Gray

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Blue and the Gray, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Patriotism
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Adventure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Union
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Blue and the Gray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.