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The Book of Art for Young People
The Book of Art for Young People

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Book of Art for Young People is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.
Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.
In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.
Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.
It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Book of Art for Young People

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Book of Art for Young People is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.
Line 2
Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.
/kʌt ɔːf baɪ ðə ɡreɪt ˈmaʊntənz ʌv ðə ˈpɪrəiz frʌm ðə rest ʌv ˈjʊrəp speɪn dɪd nɑːt ræŋk əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈfɔːrmoʊst ˈpaʊərz ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ðə dɪˈskʌvəri ʌv əˈmerəkə hæd brɔːt welθ tuː hɜːr frʌm ðə ɡoʊld maɪnz ʌv ˈmeksəkoʊ ənd pərˈuː/
Line 3
In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.
/ɪn ðə sɪkˈstiːnθ ˈsentʃəri ðə kɪŋ ʌv speɪnz dəˈmɪnjənz ˈæktʃəwəl ɔːr ˈvɜːrtʃuːəl ˈkʌvərd ə ɡreɪt pɑːrt ʌv ˈwestərn ˈjʊrəp ˌekˈseptɪŋ ˈɪŋɡlənd ənd fræns/
Line 4
Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.
Line 5
It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Balthazar noun US /ˈbælθəzər/

(New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus

From this reading “It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.”

bestrode verb US /bɪˈstroʊd/

inflected form of “bestride” — get up on the back of

From this reading “It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.”

immortalizing verb US /ˌɪˈmɔːrtəlaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “immortalize” — be or provide a memorial to a person or an event

From this reading “VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.”

Netherlands noun US /ˈneðərləndz/

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

From this reading “Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.”

Peru noun US /pərˈuː/

a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries

From this reading “Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.”

Pyrenees noun US /ˈpɪrəiz/

a chain of mountains between France and Spain

From this reading “Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.”

Spain's noun US /speɪnz/

possessive form of “spain” — a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading “In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.”

virtual adjective US /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəl/

being actually such in almost every respect

From this reading “In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

BalthazarnounUS /ˈbælθəzər/

(New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

bestrodeverbUS /bɪˈstroʊd/

inflected form of “bestride” — get up on the back of

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

CarlosnounUS /ˈkɑːrloʊs/

Venezuelan master terrorist raised by a Marxist-Leninist father; trained and worked with many terrorist groups (born in 1949)

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

CutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

dominionsnounUS /dəˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “dominion” — dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

Dyck

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

exceptingverbUS /ˌekˈseptɪŋ/

-ing form of “except” — take exception to

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

FamilynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

far-away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

foremostadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmoʊst/

ranking above all others

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

great-grandson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

HolynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

immortalizingverbUS /ˌɪˈmɔːrtəlaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “immortalize” — be or provide a memorial to a person or an event

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

manlyadjectiveUS /ˈmænli/

possessing qualities befitting a man

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

minesnounUS /maɪnz/

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

NetherlandsnounUS /ˈneðərləndz/

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

ownedadjectiveUS /oʊnd/

having an owner; often used in combination

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

painternounUS /ˈpeɪntər/

an artist who paints

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

paintingnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

patronnounUS /ˈpeɪtrən/

a regular customer

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

PerunounUS /pərˈuː/

a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

ponynounUS /ˈpoʊniː/

a range horse of the western United States

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

portraitnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrət/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

portraitsnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

PyreneesnounUS /ˈpɪrəiz/

a chain of mountains between France and Spain

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

sixteenthadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

sovereigntynounUS /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

Spain'snounUS /speɪnz/

possessive form of “spain” — a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

sturdyadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

VnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, owned the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. His son was Philip II. of Spain, the husband of our Queen Mary of England, and his great-grandson was King Philip IV., the patron of Velasquez, as Charles I. was of Van Dyck.

VannounUS /væn/

any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts)

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

VELASQUEZ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

virtualadjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəl/

being actually such in almost every respect

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Cut off by the great mountains of the Pyrenees from the rest of Europe, Spain did not rank among the foremost powers until after the discovery of America had brought wealth to her from the gold mines of Mexico and Peru.

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading In the sixteenth century the King of Spain's dominions, actual or virtual, covered a great part of Western Europe, excepting England and France.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading It is the little son of Philip IV., Don Balthazar Carlos, whose portrait is before us--as manly and sturdy looking a little fellow as ever bestrode a pony.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading VELASQUEZ During the years in which Van Dyck was painting his beautiful portraits of the Royal Family of England, another painter, Velasquez, was immortalizing another Royal Family in the far-away country of Spain.

Chapter 12 of The Book of Art for Young People by Agnes Ethel Conway holds 97 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Book of Art for Young People contain?

Chapter 12 holds 97 sentences of The Book of Art for Young People, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Book of Art for Young People by Agnes Ethel Conway exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 97 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Book of Art for Young People?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Book of Art for Young People

Common questions about reading The Book of Art for Young People by Agnes Ethel Conway on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Book of Art for Young People?

Yes. All 1688 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17395 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Book of Art for Young People is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #17395, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Book of Art for Young People take to read?

About 140 minutes of reading across 338 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Book of Art for Young People section by section

How to work through The Book of Art for Young People section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of The Book of Art for Young People to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Book of Art for Young People

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Book of Art for Young People, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Almost
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Book of Art for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pleasantest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Book of Art for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Book of Art for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Book of Art for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.