Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FRANCIS COEUR-DE-LION (_St. Francis of Assisi_) A.D.

in addition

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRANCIS COEUR-DE-LION (_St. Francis of Assisi_) A.D.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

From this reading "He lives like a prince; yet he is but the son of a cloth merchant,--rich though the merchant be."

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRANCIS COEUR-DE-LION (_St. Francis of Assisi_) A.D.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading FRANCIS COEUR-DE-LION (_St. Francis of Assisi_) A.D.

absence of light or illumination

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

the specified day of the month

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRANCIS COEUR-DE-LION (_St. Francis of Assisi_) A.D.

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "He lives like a prince; yet he is but the son of a cloth merchant,--rich though the merchant be."

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

a single distinct event

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

the sound of laughing

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading "He lives like a prince; yet he is but the son of a cloth merchant,--rich though the merchant be."

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

full of life and energy

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading "He lives like a prince; yet he is but the son of a cloth merchant,--rich though the merchant be."

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading "He lives like a prince; yet he is but the son of a cloth merchant,--rich though the merchant be."

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

having branches or flower heads that bend downward

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FRANCIS COEUR-DE-LION (_St. Francis of Assisi_) A.D.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

and nothing more

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

plural of “prank” — acting like a clown or buffoon

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading "He lives like a prince; yet he is but the son of a cloth merchant,--rich though the merchant be."

inflected form of “ring” — sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

possessing material wealth

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

express in words

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

deliver by singing

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

the act of singing vocal music

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

a male human offspring

From this reading "He lives like a prince; yet he is but the son of a cloth merchant,--rich though the merchant be."

a short musical composition with words

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

shining with brilliant points of light like stars

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRANCIS COEUR-DE-LION (_St. Francis of Assisi_) A.D.

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

having a sharp inclination

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

past form of “stray” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

dotted or adorned with or as with studs or nailheads; usually used in combination

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

in spite of the fact that

From this reading "He lives like a prince; yet he is but the son of a cloth merchant,--rich though the merchant be."

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading As they strayed together down the street they sang the love-songs of their country and then a rich, strong voice rang out singing a song in French.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

in the company of; together with

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading "That is Francis Bernardone," one neighbour would say to another, nodding his head, for Francis could sing, not only in his native Italian, but also in French.

but in spite of that

From this reading "He lives like a prince; yet he is but the son of a cloth merchant,--rich though the merchant be."

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading 1181-1226 (Date of Incident, 1219) I The dark blue sky of an Italian night was studded with sparkling stars that seemed to be twinkling with laughter at the pranks of a lively group of gay young fellows as they came out from a house half-way up the steep street of the little city of Assisi.