1874
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was a hot summer night in August (1874).
1900
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
1901
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
AfricanounUS /ˈæfrəkɑː/
the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
Archibald
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
the month following July and preceding September
From this reading It was a hot summer night in August (1874).
beardedadjectiveUS /ˈbɪrdəd/
having hair on the cheeks and chin
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
earlier than; in front of
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
a youthful male person
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
bronzedadjectiveUS /brɑːnzd/
(of skin) having a tan color from exposure to the sun
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
CAMELnounUS /ˈkæməl/
cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
overfilled or compacted or concentrated
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
past form of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
eight-year-old
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
opinion or judgment
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed
From this reading As the boy Archibald heard Moffat he too wished to go out into the foreign field.
Forder
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)
From this reading As the boy Archibald heard Moffat he too wished to go out into the foreign field.
change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically
From this reading As the boy Archibald heard Moffat he too wished to go out into the foreign field.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
detected or perceived by the sense of hearing
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
occupied or in the control of; often used in combination
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning
From this reading It was a hot summer night in August (1874).
the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
a single distinct event
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/
moving to the inside of something
From this reading As the boy Archibald heard Moffat he too wished to go out into the foreign field.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It was a hot summer night in August (1874).
past form of “listen” — hear with intention
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
LivingstonenounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋstoʊn/
Scottish missionary and explorer who discovered the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls (1813-1873)
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
a formally arranged gathering
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
Moffat
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The man was Robert Moffat.
the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside
From this reading It was a hot summer night in August (1874).
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
used to mean any person in general, including the speaker
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
To move from a closed position.
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
not allowed to continue to bat or run
From this reading As the boy Archibald heard Moffat he too wished to go out into the foreign field.
clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
a raised horizontal surface
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)
From this reading The man was Robert Moffat.
SalisburynounUS /ˈsælzbəri/
the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
Identical; not different.
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
schoolboynounUS /ˈskuːlbɔɪ/
a boy attending school
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox
From this reading It was a hot summer night in August (1874).
disclosing unintentionally something concealed
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
an instance or single occasion for some event
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits
From this reading As the boy Archibald heard Moffat he too wished to go out into the foreign field.
a track or mark left by something that has passed
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/
plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading The man was Robert Moffat.
at the time that
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
in or at the place that
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.
which person or people
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish
From this reading As the boy Archibald heard Moffat he too wished to go out into the foreign field.
in the company of; together with
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising
From this reading ON THE DESERT CAMEL TRAIL _Archibald Forder_ (Time of Incident 1900-1901) _The Boy Who Listened_ An eight-year-old schoolboy sat one evening in a crowded meeting in Salisbury, his eyes wide open with wonder as he heard a bronzed and bearded man on the platform telling of his adventures in Africa.
a late time of life
From this reading The walls of the building where the meeting was held seemed to have disappeared and the boy Archibald Forder could in imagination see "the plain of a thousand villages," that Livingstone had seen when this same Robert Moffat had called him to Africa many years before.