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The book of Scottish story
The book of Scottish story

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The book of Scottish story is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Chapter 4 of The book of Scottish story by Various holds 99 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The book of Scottish story contain?

Chapter 4 holds 99 sentences of The book of Scottish story, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The book of Scottish story by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 99 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The book of Scottish story?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The book of Scottish story

Common questions about reading The book of Scottish story by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The book of Scottish story?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The book of Scottish story is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The book of Scottish story take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The book of Scottish story section by section

How to work through The book of Scottish story section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of The book of Scottish story to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The book of Scottish story

Words and structures a reader meets early in The book of Scottish story, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The book of Scottish story, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The book of Scottish story, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The book of Scottish story, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Cover illustration for The book of Scottish story
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.
At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.
The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.
At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.
This, as well as other parts of the building, contained shops.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The book of Scottish story

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The book of Scottish story is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.
Line 2
At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.
Line 3
The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.
Line 4
At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.
Line 5
This, as well as other parts of the building, contained shops.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.”

Might modal verb US /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading “The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.”

Remember verb US /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading “Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.”

Stood verb US /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading “At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.”

Through preposition US /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading “At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.”

All words in this reading · 122

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1817

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

almost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

antique

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

apertures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

area

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

black

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

building

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This, as well as other parts of the building, contained shops.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

centre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

character

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

Church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

contained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This, as well as other parts of the building, contained shops.

corner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

crowded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

dense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

dingy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

distinguished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

Edinburgh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

efforts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

end

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

enough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

entire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

executions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

fabric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

feet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

fifty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

fire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

foolery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

fortunate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

gable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

gallows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

Giles's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

gloomy-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

grandeur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

greater

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

hearse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

high

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

holes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

horresco

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

like

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From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

little

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From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

low

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From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

more

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From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

narrow

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From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

north-west

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From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

occasionally

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From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

occupy

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From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

Old

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From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

old-fashioned

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From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

opening

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From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

originally

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From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

other

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From this reading This, as well as other parts of the building, contained shops.

part

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From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

parts

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From this reading This, as well as other parts of the building, contained shops.

penetrated

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From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

pile

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From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

platform

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From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

previous

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From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

pristine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

projection

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From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

railed

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From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

referens

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From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

seen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

served

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

shops

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From this reading This, as well as other parts of the building, contained shops.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

stancheoned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

stories

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From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

story

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

street

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

stupendous

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From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

substantiality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

sundry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

surmounted

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From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

suspicious-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

swept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

tall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

thirty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabric was four stories high, and might occupy an area of fifty feet by thirty.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

Tolbooth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

united

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

walls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

well

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This, as well as other parts of the building, contained shops.

west

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the west end there was a low projection of little more than one story, surmounted by a railed platform, which served for executions.

western

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

Whosoever

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

windows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At the north-west corner of St Giles’s Church, and almost in the very centre of a crowded street, stood this tall, narrow, antique, and gloomy-looking pile, with its black stancheoned windows opening through its dingy walls, like the apertures of a hearse, and having its western gable penetrated by sundry suspicious-looking holes, which occasionally served—_horresco referens_—for the projection of the gallows.

year

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Whosoever is fortunate enough to have seen Edinburgh previous to the year 1817—when as yet the greater part of its pristine character was entire, and before the stupendous grandeur, and dense old-fashioned substantiality, which originally distinguished it, had been swept away by the united efforts of fire and foolery—must remember the Old Tolbooth.