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The book of wonders
The book of wonders

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The book of wonders is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
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The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.
The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.
We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.
At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.
It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The book of wonders

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The book of wonders is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.
/ðə ɪnˈtensəti ʌv ˈeni saʊnd ðæt wiː hiːr dɪˈpendz əˈpɑːn ðə saɪz ʌv ðə weɪvz ðæt riːtʃ ˈaʊər ɪrz/
Line 2
The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.
/ðə saɪz ʌv ə saʊnd weɪv ˈɡrædʒuːəli dɪˈkriːsəz æz ðə weɪv ˈtrævəlz frʌm ɪts ˈstɑːrtɪŋ pɔɪnt ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli ðə ɪnˈtensəti ʌv ə saʊnd dɪˈpendz əˈpɑːn ðə ˈdɪstəns frʌm ðə pɔɪnt æt wɪtʃ ðə saʊnd wɑːz prəˈduːst/
Line 3
We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.
/wiː noʊ ðɪs frʌm ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd ɪf wiː θɪŋk ʌv ðə ˈmætər fɔːr ə ˈmoʊmənt wiː wɪl siː waɪ ɪt ɪz soʊ/
Line 4
At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.
/æt ðə stɑːrt ʌv ə saʊnd weɪv ˈoʊnli ə smɔːl ˈkwɑːntəti ʌv er ɪz əˈfektɪd bʌt fɔːr ˈevəri ɪntʃ ɪt ˈtrævəlz ðə ˈkwɑːntəti ʌv er tuː wɪtʃ ðə weɪv ɪz kənˈveɪd bɪˈkʌmz ˈlɑːrdʒər ənd ðə ɪnˈtensəti ʌv ðə weɪvz mʌst ɡroʊ ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪŋli ˈsmɔːlər dʒʌst æz wen ə ˈpebəl ɪz drɑːpt ˈɪntuː ˈwɔːtər ðə ˈrɪpəlz prəˈduːst baɪ ɪt ɑːr ˈhaɪəst æt ðə pɔɪnt wer ðə ˈpebəl strʌk ðə ˈwɔːtər ənd ɡroʊz ˈloʊər ənd ˈloʊər æz ðer ˈsɜːrkəl ˈwaɪdənz/
Line 5
It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.
/ɪt hæz bɪn faʊnd ˈpɑːsəbəl tuː ˈmeʒər ðə ɪnˈtensəti ʌv ə saʊnd weɪv æt ˈdɪfərənt ˈdɪstənsəz frʌm ðə pɔɪnt frʌm wɪtʃ ɪt ˈstɑːrtɪd ənd frʌm ðiːz ˈmeʒərmənts ɪt hæz bɪn lɜːrnd ðæt ðə dɪˈkriːs ɪn ðə ˈoʊ.pən er ˈfɑːloʊz ə fɪkst ruːl ðæt ɪz ˈsteɪtɪd ðʌs ðə ɪnˈtensəti ʌv ə saʊnd weɪv æt ˈeni pɔɪnt ɪz ˌɪnˈvɜːrsli prəˈpɔːrʃənəl tuː ðə skwer ʌv ɪts ˈdɪstəns frʌm ɪts ˈstɑːrtɪŋ pɔɪnt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

correspondingly adverb US /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪŋli/

in a corresponding manner

From this reading “At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.”

decrease verb US /dɪˈkriːs/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading “It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.”

decreases noun US /dɪˈkriːsəz/

plural of “decrease” — a change downward

From this reading “The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.”

inversely adverb US /ˌɪnˈvɜːrsli/

in an inverse or contrary manner

From this reading “It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.”

measurements noun US /ˈmeʒərmənts/

plural of “measurement” — the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule

From this reading “It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.”

pebble noun US /ˈpebəl/

a small smooth rounded rock

From this reading “At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.”

proportional adjective US /prəˈpɔːrʃənəl/

properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by “to”

From this reading “It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.”

widens verb US /ˈwaɪdənz/

third-person singular of “widen” — become broader or wider or more extensive

From this reading “At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

depends upon verb + particle counted as “depend upon”

be contingent on

In this reading “The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.”

small quantity adjective + noun

In this reading “At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.”

open air verb + noun

where the air is unconfined

In this reading “It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.”

starting point adjective + noun

earliest limiting point

In this reading “The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.”

for a moment preposition + article + noun counted as “for … moment”

temporarily

In this reading “We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.”

dropped into verb + particle counted as “drop into”

In this reading “At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.”

produced by verb + particle counted as “produce by”

In this reading “At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.”

see why verb + noun

In this reading “We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

consequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

conveyedverbUS /kənˈveɪd/

past form of “convey” — (of information) make known; pass on

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

correspondinglyadverbUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪŋli/

in a corresponding manner

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

decreaseverbUS /dɪˈkriːs/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

decreasesnounUS /dɪˈkriːsəz/

plural of “decrease” — a change downward

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

dependsverbUS /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

distancesnounUS /ˈdɪstənsəz/

plural of “distance” — the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

droppedverbUS /drɑːpt/

inflected form of “drop” — let fall to the ground

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

growsverbUS /ɡroʊz/

third-person singular of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

inchnounUS /ɪntʃ/

a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

intensitynounUS /ɪnˈtensəti/

the amount of energy transmitted (as by acoustic or electromagnetic radiation)

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

inverselyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈvɜːrsli/

in an inverse or contrary manner

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

measurementsnounUS /ˈmeʒərmənts/

plural of “measurement” — the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

pebblenounUS /ˈpebəl/

a small smooth rounded rock

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

proportionaladjectiveUS /prəˈpɔːrʃənəl/

properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by “to”

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

ripplesnounUS /ˈrɪpəlz/

plural of “ripple” — a small wave on the surface of a liquid

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

startingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtɪŋ/

(especially of eyes) bulging or protruding as with fear

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading It has been found possible to measure the intensity of a sound wave, at different distances from the point from which it started, and from these measurements it has been learned that the decrease in the open air, follows a fixed rule that is stated thus: the intensity of a sound wave at any point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from its starting point.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

travelsnounUS /ˈtrævəlz/

plural of “travel” — the act of going from one place to another

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

wavenounUS /weɪv/

one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The intensity of any sound that we hear depends upon the size of the waves that reach our ears.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The size of a sound wave gradually decreases, as the wave travels from its starting point, consequently the intensity of a sound depends upon the distance from the point at which the sound was produced.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

widensverbUS /ˈwaɪdənz/

third-person singular of “widen” — become broader or wider or more extensive

From this reading At the start of a sound wave, only a small quantity of air is affected, but for every inch it travels the quantity of air to which the wave is conveyed becomes larger, and the intensity of the waves must grow correspondingly smaller, just as when a pebble is dropped into water, the ripples produced by it are highest at the point where the pebble struck the water, and grows lower and lower as their circle widens.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading We know this from experience and if we think of the matter for a moment we will see why it is so.

Chapter 21 of The book of wonders by Rudolph J. (Rudolph John) [Editor] Bodmer holds 425 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The book of wonders contain?

Chapter 21 holds 425 sentences of The book of wonders, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The book of wonders by Rudolph J. (Rudolph John) [Editor] Bodmer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 425 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The book of wonders?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The book of wonders

Common questions about reading The book of wonders by Rudolph J. (Rudolph John) [Editor] Bodmer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The book of wonders?

Yes. All 10444 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75948 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The book of wonders is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75948, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The book of wonders take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2089 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The book of wonders section by section

How to work through The book of wonders section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The book of wonders to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The book of wonders

Words and structures a reader meets early in The book of wonders, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The book of wonders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The book of wonders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phrases
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The book of wonders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The book of wonders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.