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The Borough
The Borough

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of The Borough is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?
Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.
I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.
SHAKSPEARE, Henry VI.
THE ELECTION.
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The Borough

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of The Borough is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?
/seɪ ðen wɪtʃ klæs tuː ˈɡreɪtər ˈfɑːli stuːp ðə ɡreɪt ɪn ˈprɑːməs ɔːr ðə puːr ɪn hoʊp/
Line 2
Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.
Line 3
I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.
Line 4
SHAKSPEARE, Henry VI.
Line 5
THE ELECTION.
/ðə ɪˈlekʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apparel noun US /əˈpærəl/

clothing in general

From this reading “I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.”

felony noun US /ˈfeləni/

a serious crime (such as murder or arson)

From this reading “I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.”

hoops noun US /huːps/

a game played on a court by two opposing teams of 5 players; points are scored by throwing the ball through an elevated horizontal hoop

From this reading “Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.”

livery noun US /ˈlɪvəri/

uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs

From this reading “I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.”

loaves noun US /loʊvz/

plural of “loaf” — a shaped mass of baked bread that is usually sliced before eating

From this reading “Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.”

reformation noun US /ˌref.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/

The action or process of reforming an institution, practice, or individual's character.

From this reading “Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.”

stoop verb US /stuːp/

bend one's back forward from the waist on down

From this reading “Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?”

vows noun US /vaʊz/

plural of “vow” — a solemn pledge (to oneself or to another or to a deity) to do something or to behave in a certain manner

From this reading “Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

agreeverbUS /əˈɡriː/

be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

apparelnounUS /əˈpærəl/

clothing in general

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

Beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

beernounUS /bɪr/

a general name for alcoholic beverages made by fermenting a cereal (or mixture of cereals) flavored with hops

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

ELECTIONnounUS /ɪˈlekʃən/

a vote to select the winner of a position or political office

From this reading THE ELECTION.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

felonynounUS /ˈfeləni/

a serious crime (such as murder or arson)

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

follynounUS /ˈfɑːli/

the trait of acting stupidly or rashly

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

halfpennynoun

an English coin worth half a penny

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading SHAKSPEARE, Henry VI.

hoopsnounUS /huːps/

a game played on a court by two opposing teams of 5 players; points are scored by throwing the ball through an elevated horizontal hoop

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

liverynounUS /ˈlɪvəri/

uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

loavesnounUS /loʊvz/

plural of “loaf” — a shaped mass of baked bread that is usually sliced before eating

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

pennynounUS /ˈpeni/

a fractional monetary unit of Ireland and the United Kingdom; equal to one hundredth of a pound

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

potnounUS /pɑːt/

metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep; often has a handle and lid

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

promiseverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

reformationnounUS /ˌref.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/

The action or process of reforming an institution, practice, or individual's character.

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

SayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

scorenounUS /skɔːr/

a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

SHAKSPEARE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SHAKSPEARE, Henry VI.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

stoopverbUS /stuːp/

bend one's back forward from the waist on down

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

three-hooped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

VInounUS /vaɪ/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading SHAKSPEARE, Henry VI.

vowsnounUS /vaʊz/

plural of “vow” — a solemn pledge (to oneself or to another or to a deity) to do something or to behave in a certain manner

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Say then which class to greater folly stoop, The great in promise, or the poor in hope?

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

worshipverbUS /ˈwɜːrʃəp/

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading I will make it felony to drink small beer: all shall eat and drink on my score, and I will apparel them all in one livery,that they may agree like brothers; and they shall all worship me as their lord.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Be brave, for your leader is brave, and vows reformation; there shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; and the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops.

Chapter 5 of The Borough by George Crabbe holds 45 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The Borough contain?

Chapter 5 holds 45 sentences of The Borough, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The Borough by George Crabbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 45 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The Borough?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Borough

Common questions about reading The Borough by George Crabbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Borough?

Yes. All 1533 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5210 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Borough is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5210, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Borough take to read?

About 127 minutes of reading across 307 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Borough section by section

How to work through The Borough section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The Borough to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Borough

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Borough, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ruler
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ordain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Build
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.