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The Borough
The Borough

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Borough is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
INHABITANTS OF THE ALMS-HOUSE.
Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.
Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.
SHAKESPEARE, Henry IV.
Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Borough

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Borough is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
INHABITANTS OF THE ALMS-HOUSE.
Line 2
Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.
Line 3
Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.
Line 4
SHAKESPEARE, Henry IV.
Line 5
Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

betwixt preposition US /biˈtwɪkst/

an old word for “between”

From this reading “Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.”

inhabitants noun US /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading “INHABITANTS OF THE ALMS-HOUSE.”

links noun US /lɪŋks/

a golf course that is built on sandy ground near a shore

From this reading “Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.”

marks noun US /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading “Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.”

perpetual adjective US /pərˈpetʃuːəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading “Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.”

shakespeare noun US /ˈʃeɪkspiːr/

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading “SHAKESPEARE, Henry IV.”

tavern noun US /ˈtævərn/

a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks

From this reading “Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.”

torches noun US /ˈtɔːrtʃɪz/

plural of “torch” — a light usually carried in the hand; consists of some flammable substance

From this reading “Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

ALMS-HOUSE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading INHABITANTS OF THE ALMS-HOUSE.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

atris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

betwixtprepositionUS /biˈtwɪkst/

an old word for “between”

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

BurningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

Circa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

Ebrietas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

et

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

fida

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

hastauxiliary verbUS /hæst/

an old form of “have”, used with “thou”

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading SHAKESPEARE, Henry IV.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

Infamia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

INHABITANTSnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading INHABITANTS OF THE ALMS-HOUSE.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading SHAKESPEARE, Henry IV.

KnightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

LampnounUS /læmp/

an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

linksnounUS /lɪŋks/

a golf course that is built on sandy ground near a shore

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

Luxus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

oathnounUS /oʊθ/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading INHABITANTS OF THE ALMS-HOUSE.

OhnounUS /oʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

pennis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

perpetualadjectiveUS /pərˈpetʃuːəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

savedadjectiveUS /seɪvd/

rescued; especially from the power and consequences of sin

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

semper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

SHAKESPEAREnounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːr/

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading SHAKESPEARE, Henry IV.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

swearverbUS /swer/

utter obscenities or profanities

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

tavernnounUS /ˈtævərn/

a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

tenounUS /tiː/

a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading INHABITANTS OF THE ALMS-HOUSE.

ThoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

thou'rt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

tibi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

tnis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

torchesnounUS /ˈtɔːrtʃɪz/

plural of “torch” — a light usually carried in the hand; consists of some flammable substance

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

volitans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ebrietas tibi fida comes, tibi Luxus, et atris Circa te semper volitans Infamia pennis.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading Oh! thou'rt a perpetual triumph, thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking in a night betwixt tavern and tavern.

wast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp: if thou wast any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be by tnis fire.

Chapter 16 of The Borough by George Crabbe holds 50 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Borough contain?

Chapter 16 holds 50 sentences of The Borough, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Borough by George Crabbe exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 50 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Borough?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Borough

Common questions about reading The Borough by George Crabbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Borough?

Yes. All 1533 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5210 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Borough is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5210, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Borough take to read?

About 127 minutes of reading across 307 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Borough section by section

How to work through The Borough section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The Borough to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Borough

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Borough, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ruler
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ordain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Build
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.