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The Borough
The Borough

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Borough is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
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THE POOR OF THE BOROUGH.
Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.
Epistle to Timothy.
------------------------- ABEL KEENE.
Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Borough

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Borough is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE POOR OF THE BOROUGH.
/ðə puːr ʌv ðə ˈbɜːroʊ/
Line 2
Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.
Line 3
Epistle to Timothy.
/ɪˈpɪsəl tuː ˈtɪməθi/
Line 4
------------------------- ABEL KEENE.
Line 5
Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

borough noun US /ˈbɜːroʊ/

one of the administrative divisions of a large city

From this reading “THE POOR OF THE BOROUGH.”

Discourses noun US /dɪˈskɔːrsɪz/

plural of “discourse” — extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading “Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.”

Epistle noun US /ɪˈpɪsəl/

a specially long, formal letter

From this reading “Epistle to Timothy.”

expressly adverb US /ekˈspresli/

with specific intentions; for the express purpose

From this reading “Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.”

Revolutions noun US /ˌrevəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “revolution” — a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading “Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.”

ridicules noun US /ˈrɪdəkjuːlz/

plural of “ridicule” — language or behavior intended to mock or humiliate

From this reading “Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.”

seducing verb US /sɪˈduːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “seduce” — induce to have sex

From this reading “Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.”

wanders verb US /ˈwɑːndərz/

third-person singular of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading “Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

ABELnounUS /ˈeɪbəl/

Norwegian mathematician (1802-1829)

From this reading ------------------------- ABEL KEENE.

abjectadjectiveUS /ˈæbdʒekt/

of the most contemptible kind

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

AccountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

alarmedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːrmd/

experiencing a sudden sense of danger

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

BOROUGHnounUS /ˈbɜːroʊ/

one of the administrative divisions of a large city

From this reading THE POOR OF THE BOROUGH.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

ClerksnounUS /klɜːrks/

plural of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

ConditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

ConvertverbUS /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

departverbUS /dɪˈpɑːrt/

move away from a place into another direction

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

devilsnounUS /ˈdevəlz/

plural of “devil” — (Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

devoutadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaʊt/

deeply religious

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

diesnounUS /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

DiscoursesnounUS /dɪˈskɔːrsɪz/

plural of “discourse” — extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

doctrinesnounUS /ˈdɑːktrənz/

plural of “doctrine” — a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

dressesnounUS /ˈdresəz/

plural of “dress” — a one-piece garment for a woman; has skirt and bodice

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

drinksnounUS /drɪŋks/

plural of “drink” — a single serving of a beverage

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

EffectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

EpistlenounUS /ɪˈpɪsəl/

a specially long, formal letter

From this reading Epistle to Timothy.

expresslyadverbUS /ekˈspresli/

with specific intentions; for the express purpose

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

heednounUS /hiːd/

paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people)

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

KEENE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ------------------------- ABEL KEENE.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

MaidennounUS /ˈmeɪdən/

an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

MelancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

MerchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

MindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE POOR OF THE BOROUGH.

OfficenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

OrdernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

POORadjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading THE POOR OF THE BOROUGH.

PovertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

relievedadjectiveUS /rɪˈliːvd/

(of pain or sorrow) made easier to bear

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

Remonstrancenoun

the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

returnsnounUS /rɪˈtɜːrnz/

plural of “return” — document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

RevolutionsnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “revolution” — a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

ridiculesnounUS /ˈrɪdəkjuːlz/

plural of “ridicule” — language or behavior intended to mock or humiliate

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

SchoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

seducingverbUS /sɪˈduːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “seduce” — induce to have sex

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

SisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

speaketh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

SpiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

TeachernounUS /ˈtiːtʃər/

a person whose occupation is teaching

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE POOR OF THE BOROUGH.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

TimothynounUS /ˈtɪməθi/

grass with long cylindrical spikes grown in northern United States and Europe for hay

From this reading Epistle to Timothy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that, in the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils.

unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

unpitied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

wandersverbUS /ˈwɑːndərz/

third-person singular of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading Abel, a poor man, Teacher of a School of the lower Order; is placed in the Office of a Merchant; is alarmed by Discourses of the Clerks; unable to reply; becomes a Convert; dresses, drinks, and ridicules his former conduct--The Remonstrance of his Sister, a devout Maiden- -Its Effect--The Merchant dies--Abel returns to Poverty unpitied; but relieved--His abject Condition--His Melancholy--He wanders about; is found--His own Account of himself and the Revolutions in his Mind.

Chapter 21 of The Borough by George Crabbe holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Borough contain?

Chapter 21 holds 66 sentences of The Borough, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Borough by George Crabbe exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Borough?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Borough

Common questions about reading The Borough by George Crabbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Borough?

Yes. All 1533 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5210 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Borough is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5210, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Borough take to read?

About 127 minutes of reading across 307 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Borough section by section

How to work through The Borough section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The Borough to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Borough

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Borough, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ruler
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ordain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Build
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Borough; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.