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The Boy Allies in the Trenches
The Boy Allies in the Trenches

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Boy Allies in the Trenches is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
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THE GERMAN ATTACK.
A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.
It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.
There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.
A German attack in force opened the battle on January 8.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boy Allies in the Trenches

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Boy Allies in the Trenches is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GERMAN ATTACK.
/ðə ˈdʒɜːrmən əˈtæk/
Line 2
A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.
Line 3
It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.
Line 4
There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.
/ðer fɔːr eɪt deɪz men fel tɔːrn wɪð ʃel ənd ˈbʊlət ənd ˈoʊvər ðiːz ˈtrentʃɪz men tʃɑːrdʒd ɪn ðə feɪs ʌv ˈsɜːrtən deθ/
Line 5
A German attack in force opened the battle on January 8.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chronicled verb US /ˈkrɑːnɪkəld/

past form of “chronicle” — record in chronological order; make a historical record

From this reading “A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.”

conflict noun US /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading “A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.”

contested adjective US /kənˈtestəd/

disputed or made the object of contention or competition

From this reading “It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.”

Fredericksburg noun US /ˈfredrɪksbərɡ/

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

From this reading “A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.”

shell noun US /ʃel/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading “There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.”

terrific adjective US /tərˈɪfɪk/

very great or intense

From this reading “It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.”

toll noun US /toʊl/

a fee levied for the use of roads or bridges (used for maintenance)

From this reading “A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.”

trenches noun US /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading “There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

Antietam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

ATTACKnounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading THE GERMAN ATTACK.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

bitterlyadverbUS /ˈbɪtərli/

with bitterness; in a resentful manner

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

bulletnounUS /ˈbʊlət/

a projectile that is fired from a gun

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

chargedadjectiveUS /tʃɑːrdʒd/

of a particle or body or system; having a net amount of positive or negative electric charge

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

chronicledverbUS /ˈkrɑːnɪkəld/

past form of “chronicle” — record in chronological order; make a historical record

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

CiviladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

contestedadjectiveUS /kənˈtestəd/

disputed or made the object of contention or competition

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading A German attack in force opened the battle on January 8.

FredericksburgnounUS /ˈfredrɪksbərɡ/

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

GERMANnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading THE GERMAN ATTACK.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

hand-to-handadjective

being at close quarters

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A German attack in force opened the battle on January 8.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading A German attack in force opened the battle on January 8.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

reportsnounUS /rɪˈpɔːrts/

plural of “report” — a written document describing the findings of some individual or group

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

shellnounUS /ʃel/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

Soissonsnoun

a battle in World War I (May 1918); the Germans tried to attack before the American numbers were too great to defeat; the tactical success of the Germans proved to be a strategic failure

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

terrificadjectiveUS /tərˈɪfɪk/

very great or intense

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GERMAN ATTACK.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

tollnounUS /toʊl/

a fee levied for the use of roads or bridges (used for maintenance)

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

tornadjectiveUS /tɔːrn/

having edges that are jagged from injury

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

trenchesnounUS /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It was the most terrific and the most bitterly contested of the great war up to date, January 8.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There, for eight days, men fell, torn with shell and bullet, and over these trenches men charged in the face of certain death.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading A battle, as severe in its hand-to-hand struggle and toll of life as Fredericksburg or Antietam, in the American Civil War--yet in this vast conflict only an incident, chronicled as "progress" in the official reports--such was the battle of Soissons.

Chapter 16 of The Boy Allies in the Trenches by Clair W. (Clair Wallace) Hayes holds 82 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Boy Allies in the Trenches contain?

Chapter 16 holds 82 sentences of The Boy Allies in the Trenches, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Boy Allies in the Trenches by Clair W. (Clair Wallace) Hayes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 82 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Boy Allies in the Trenches?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #12571, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 315 minutes of reading across 756 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Boy Allies in the Trenches

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boy Allies in the Trenches, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Isn't
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Allies in the Trenches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lieutenant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Allies in the Trenches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Allies in the Trenches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crawford
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Allies in the Trenches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.