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The Boy Allies with the Cossacks
The Boy Allies with the Cossacks

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
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RAIDING.
At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.
This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.
With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.
The advance of the Czar's troops to the Carpathians had been without incident.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boy Allies with the Cossacks

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
RAIDING.
/ˈreɪdɪŋ/
Line 2
At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.
Line 3
This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.
Line 4
With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.
Line 5
The advance of the Czar's troops to the Carpathians had been without incident.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Austrian noun US /ˈɔːstriən/

a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading “At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.”

Austrians noun US /ˈɔːstriənz/

plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading “This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.”

checking verb US /ˈtʃekɪŋ/

-ing form of “check” — examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading “At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.”

Cossacks noun US /ˈkɑːsæks/

plural of “cossack” — a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading “At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.”

Czar's noun US /zɑːrz/

possessive form of “czar” — a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading “The advance of the Czar's troops to the Carpathians had been without incident.”

detachment noun US /dɪˈtætʃmənt/

avoiding emotional involvement

From this reading “At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.”

opposing adjective US /əˈpoʊzɪŋ/

characterized by active hostility

From this reading “This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.”

raiding adjective US /ˈreɪdɪŋ/

characterized by plundering or pillaging or marauding

From this reading “RAIDING.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

rapidly advancing adverb + adjective

In this reading “With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.”

advance guard verb + noun

In this reading “This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.”

bore down verb + adjective

In this reading “At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.”

advance of verb + particle

In this reading “The advance of the Czar's troops to the Carpathians had been without incident.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.

aheadadverbUS /əˈhed/

at or in the front

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

Alexis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

AustriannounUS /ˈɔːstriən/

a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

AustriansnounUS /ˈɔːstriənz/

plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The advance of the Czar's troops to the Carpathians had been without incident.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

Carpathiansnoun

a mountain range in central Europe that extends from Slovakia and southern Poland southeastward through western Ukraine to northeastern Romania; a popular resort area

From this reading The advance of the Czar's troops to the Carpathians had been without incident.

checkingverbUS /ˈtʃekɪŋ/

-ing form of “check” — examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

ChesternounUS /ˈtʃestər/

a city of southeastern Pennsylvania on the Delaware river (an industrial suburb of Philadelphia)

From this reading With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.

CossacksnounUS /ˈkɑːsæks/

plural of “cossack” — a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

Czar'snounUS /zɑːrz/

possessive form of “czar” — a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading The advance of the Czar's troops to the Carpathians had been without incident.

detachmentnounUS /dɪˈtætʃmənt/

avoiding emotional involvement

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

firingnounUS /ˈfaɪrɪŋ/

the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

gallopverbUS /ˈɡæləp/

ride at a galloping pace

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The advance of the Czar's troops to the Carpathians had been without incident.

Hal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading The advance of the Czar's troops to the Carpathians had been without incident.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

opposingadjectiveUS /əˈpoʊzɪŋ/

characterized by active hostility

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

RAIDINGadjectiveUS /ˈreɪdɪŋ/

characterized by plundering or pillaging or marauding

From this reading RAIDING.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.

reconnoiteringnoun

exploring in order to gain information

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

troopnounUS /truːp/

a group of soldiers

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading The advance of the Czar's troops to the Carpathians had been without incident.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

venturedverbUS /ˈventʃərd/

past form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading This band of Cossacks, reconnoitering well ahead of the main advance guard, was probably 1,000 strong; the Austrians opposing them much less.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With the rapidly advancing Russians were Hal, Chester and Alexis.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading At a fierce gallop the troop of Cossacks bore down upon the little mountain town--firing at a detachment of Austrian soldiers who ventured forth to give them battle--without checking their speed.

Chapter 21 of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks by Clair W. (Clair Wallace) Hayes holds 126 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks contain?

Chapter 21 holds 126 sentences of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks by Clair W. (Clair Wallace) Hayes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 126 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boy Allies with the Cossacks

Common questions about reading The Boy Allies with the Cossacks by Clair W. (Clair Wallace) Hayes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks?

Yes. All 3994 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30951 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30951, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boy Allies with the Cossacks take to read?

About 332 minutes of reading across 799 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boy Allies with the Cossacks section by section

How to work through The Boy Allies with the Cossacks section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Boy Allies with the Cossacks

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boy Allies with the Cossacks, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Flying
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
What's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Below
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Speaker
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Allies with the Cossacks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.