Chapter XV

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

an architectural product or work

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

plural of “attack” — (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

plural of “cabin” — small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

plural of “camp” — temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

plural of “distance” — the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

extend in scope or range or area

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

set up or found

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

in a gradual manner

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

the activity of transporting goods by truck

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

the act of beginning something new

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

structures collectively in which people are housed

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

the force of workers available

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

having or showing no mercy

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

owed as a debt

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

with speed

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

plural of “residence” — any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

only a very short time before

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

not in physical motion

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

not permanent; not lasting

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To-day the log-cabin is still to be found in the timber regions and among the mountains, but mostly for temporary residences, such as summer homes, camps, and play-houses.

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

up to a particular time

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

precisely as stated

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

used to ask for information about something

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

in or at the place that

From this reading But this change first took place up and down the large rivers, where the mills were located, and did not extend into the interior until some time later, owing to the difficulty of hauling lumber to great distances from the mills.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

a Caucasian

From this reading HOW TO BUILD A LOG-CABIN The log-cabin marks what might be called the beginning of American architecture, for it was the first form of building built by white men upon American soil.

plural of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.

in the company of; together with

From this reading With the building of saw-mills, the cabin gradually gave way to the frame building, which could be more quickly built, and which was, of course, a more comfortable lodging.

resist or confront with resistance

From this reading The introduction of saw-mills was very slow, and lumber so scarce that cabins were the best shelter the colonists could build to withstand the cold winters and the merciless attacks of Indians.