Chapter III

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

the French (Norman) language used in medieval England

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

plural of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

a person who helps people or institutions (especially with financial help)

From this reading As a benefactor to religion, his name was held in honour and his memory regarded with veneration.

cause to be bored

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

superlative of “brave” — possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

plural of “castle” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

a person who is in charge

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

in a manner tending to attract attention

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

past form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE HEIRS OF THE ESPECS.

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading But not only as a warrior was Walter Espec known to fame.

of or relating to or characteristic of feudalism

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

(of e.g. fabric design) adorned with patterns

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

past form of “harangue” — deliver a harangue to; address forcefully

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

plural of “heir” — a person who is entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit the estate of another

From this reading THE HEIRS OF THE ESPECS.

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading As a benefactor to religion, his name was held in honour and his memory regarded with veneration.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As a benefactor to religion, his name was held in honour and his memory regarded with veneration.

the state of being honored

From this reading As a benefactor to religion, his name was held in honour and his memory regarded with veneration.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

apprehended with certainty

From this reading But not only as a warrior was Walter Espec known to fame.

kept in good condition

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading As a benefactor to religion, his name was held in honour and his memory regarded with veneration.

the force of workers available

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

used to form the superlative

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

impressive in appearance

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But not only as a warrior was Walter Espec known to fame.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE HEIRS OF THE ESPECS.

and nothing more

From this reading But not only as a warrior was Walter Espec known to fame.

having or showing or expressing reverence for a deity

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading As a benefactor to religion, his name was held in honour and his memory regarded with veneration.

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading As a benefactor to religion, his name was held in honour and his memory regarded with veneration.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE HEIRS OF THE ESPECS.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But not only as a warrior was Walter Espec known to fame.

a feeling of profound respect for someone or something

From this reading As a benefactor to religion, his name was held in honour and his memory regarded with veneration.

German conductor (1876-1962)

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading But not only as a warrior was Walter Espec known to fame.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

at the time that

From this reading IN the days when the Norman kings reigned in England, the Especs were of high account among the Anglo-Norman barons.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

which person or people

From this reading Many were the brave and pious men who bore the name; but the bravest and most pious of them all was that Walter Espec, a great noble of the north, who maintained high feudal state at the castles of Wark, Helmsley, and Kirkham, and who figured so conspicuously as chief of the English at the battle of the Standard, and harangued the soldiers before the battle from the chariot from which the standard was displayed.

in the company of; together with

From this reading As a benefactor to religion, his name was held in honour and his memory regarded with veneration.