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The Boy Electrician
The Boy Electrician

Chapter XXII · Miniature Lighting

Chapter XXII of The Boy Electrician, “Miniature Lighting,” is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.
Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.
Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.
Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.
The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boy Electrician

Chapter XXII · Miniature Lighting

Chapter XXII of The Boy Electrician, “Miniature Lighting,” is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.
/ˈmɪniətʃʊr ˈlaɪtɪŋ ɪz ə fiːld ʌv ˈmeni ˈɪntrəstɪŋ ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiz fɔːr ðə jʌŋ ɪkˈsperəmentər/
Line 2
Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.
/ˈeni ˈleɪbər ɪkˈspendɪd əˈlɔːŋ ðɪs laɪn wɪl rɪˈzʌlt ɪn ˈsʌmθɪŋ fɑːr mɔːr ˈjuːsfəl frʌm ə ˈpræktəkəl ˈstændpɔɪnt ðæn ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈeni ʌv ðə ˈʌðər θɪŋz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðɪs bʊk/
Line 3
Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.
/ˈmɪniətʃʊr laɪts ˈɑːpəreɪtəd frʌm ˈbætəriz meɪ biː juːzd ɪn ˈveriəs weɪz tuː laɪt dɑːrk ˈkɔːrnərz ˈhɔːlweɪz ɔːr ˈʌðər ˈpleɪsəz wer ə laɪt ɪz ˈɔːfən ˌtempərˈerəli ˈwɔːntɪd wɪˈθaʊt ðə əˈkʌmpəniɪŋ ˈdeɪndʒər ənd ˈnuːsəns ʌv ˈmætʃəz ɔːr ˈkerəsiːn læmps/
Line 4
Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.
/ˈmɪniətʃʊr ˈlaɪtɪŋ hæz ˈoʊnli bɪn meɪd ˈpræktəkəl baɪ ðə ˈtʌŋstən ˈfɪləmənt læmp/
Line 5
The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.
/ðə ˈfɪləmənt ɔːr ˈwaɪər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ɡloʊb wɪtʃ bɪˈkʌmz hɑːt ənd ɪˈmɪts ðə laɪt wen ðə ˈkɜːrənt ɪz tɜːrnd ɑːn ɪz meɪd ʌv ˈtʌŋstən ɪn ə ˈtʌŋstən læmp/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

emits verb US /ɪˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “emit” — expel (gases or odors)

From this reading “The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.”

experimenter noun US /ɪkˈsperəmentər/

a research worker who conducts experiments

From this reading “Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.”

filament noun US /ˈfɪləmənt/

a very slender natural or synthetic fiber

From this reading “Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.”

hallways noun US /ˈhɔːlweɪz/

plural of “hallway” — an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading “Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.”

kerosene noun US /ˈkerəsiːn/

a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters

From this reading “Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.”

operated verb US /ˈɑːpəreɪtəd/

past form of “operate” — direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.

From this reading “Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.”

standpoint noun US /ˈstændpɔɪnt/

a mental position from which things are viewed

From this reading “Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.”

tungsten noun US /ˈtʌŋstən/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading “Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

kerosene lamps noun + noun counted as “kerosene lamp”

a lamp that burns oil (as kerosine) for light

In this reading “Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.”

various ways adjective + noun

In this reading “Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.”

dark corners noun + noun counted as “dark corner”

In this reading “Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.”

other things adjective + noun

In this reading “Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.”

far more adverb + adjective

In this reading “Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.”

other places adjective + noun counted as “other place”

In this reading “Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.”

almost any adverb + adjective

In this reading “Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

accompanyingadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpəniɪŋ/

occurring with or following as a consequence

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

AnyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

batteriesnounUS /ˈbætəriz/

plural of “battery” — group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.

cornersnounUS /ˈkɔːrnərz/

plural of “corner” — a place off to the side of an area

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

emitsverbUS /ɪˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “emit” — expel (gases or odors)

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

expendedverbUS /ɪkˈspendɪd/

past form of “expend” — use up, consume fully

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

experimenternounUS /ɪkˈsperəmentər/

a research worker who conducts experiments

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

filamentnounUS /ˈfɪləmənt/

a very slender natural or synthetic fiber

From this reading Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

globenounUS /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

hallwaysnounUS /ˈhɔːlweɪz/

plural of “hallway” — an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

insideadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

kerosenenounUS /ˈkerəsiːn/

a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

lampnounUS /læmp/

an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.

lampsnounUS /læmps/

plural of “lamp” — an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

lightingnounUS /ˈlaɪtɪŋ/

having abundant light or illumination

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

matchesnounUS /ˈmætʃəz/

plural of “match” — lighter consisting of a thin piece of wood or cardboard tipped with combustible chemical; ignites with friction

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

MiniaturenounUS /ˈmɪniətʃʊr/

painting or drawing included in a book (especially in illuminated medieval manuscripts)

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

nuisancenounUS /ˈnuːsəns/

(law) a broad legal concept including anything that disturbs the reasonable use of your property or endangers life and health or is offensive

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.

operatedverbUS /ˈɑːpəreɪtəd/

past form of “operate” — direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

possibilitiesnounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiz/

plural of “possibility” — a future prospect or potential

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

standpointnounUS /ˈstændpɔɪnt/

a mental position from which things are viewed

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

temporarilyadverbUS /ˌtempərˈerəli/

for a limited time only; not permanently

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

tungstennounUS /ˈtʌŋstən/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading Miniature lighting has only been made practical by the tungsten filament lamp.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Any labor expended along this line will result in something far more useful from a practical standpoint than almost any of the other things described in this book.

wirenounUS /ˈwaɪər/

ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc

From this reading The filament, or wire inside the globe, which becomes hot and emits the light when the current is turned on, is made of _tungsten_ in a tungsten lamp.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Miniature lights, operated from batteries, may be used in various ways; to light dark corners, hallways, or other places where a light is often temporarily wanted without the accompanying danger and nuisance of matches or kerosene lamps.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Miniature lighting is a field of many interesting possibilities for the young experimenter.

Chapter 22 of The Boy Electrician by Alfred Powell Morgan holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of The Boy Electrician contain?

Chapter 22 holds 160 sentences of The Boy Electrician, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of The Boy Electrician by Alfred Powell Morgan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of The Boy Electrician?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boy Electrician

Common questions about reading The Boy Electrician by Alfred Powell Morgan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boy Electrician?

Yes. All 4088 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63207 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boy Electrician is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #63207, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boy Electrician take to read?

About 340 minutes of reading across 818 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boy Electrician section by section

How to work through The Boy Electrician section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of The Boy Electrician to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boy Electrician

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boy Electrician, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Electrician; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Images
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Electrician; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Google
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Electrician; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Electrician; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.