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The Boy Electrician
The Boy Electrician

Chapter XXIII · Miscellaneous Electrical Apparatus

Chapter XXIII of The Boy Electrician, “Miscellaneous Electrical Apparatus,” is here in full — 287 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."
The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.
The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.
We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.
Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
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The Boy Electrician

Chapter XXIII · Miscellaneous Electrical Apparatus

Chapter XXIII of The Boy Electrician, “Miscellaneous Electrical Apparatus,” is here in full — 287 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."
Line 2
The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.
/ðə ˈpaʊər wɪtʃ striːmz daʊn ˈevəri deɪ tuː ˈaʊər ˈplænət ɪz ˌɪnˈkælkjələbəl/
Line 3
The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.
/ðə ˈenərdʒi kənˈsuːmd ɪn ðə sʌn ənd θroʊn ɔːf ɪn ðə fɔːrm ʌv hiːt ɪz soʊ ɡreɪt ðæt ɪt meɪks ˈeni ˈɜːrθli θɪŋ siːm ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪməl/
Line 4
We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.
Line 5
Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fractional adjective US /ˈfrækʃənəl/

constituting or comprising a part or fraction of a possible whole or entirety

From this reading “We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.”

generated verb US /ˈdʒenəreɪtəd/

past form of “generate” — bring into existence

From this reading “HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."”

incalculable adjective US /ˌɪnˈkælkjələbəl/

not able to be computed or enumerated

From this reading “The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.”

infinitesimal noun US /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪməl/

(mathematics) a variable that has zero as its limit

From this reading “The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.”

inventors noun US /ˌɪnˈventərz/

plural of “inventor” — someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading “HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."”

Langley noun US /ˈlæŋli/

unit of solar radiation

From this reading “Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.”

radiated verb US /ˈreɪdieɪtɪd/

past form of “radiate” — send out rays or waves

From this reading “We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.”

scorching adjective US /ˈskɔːrtʃɪŋ/

hot and dry enough to burn or parch a surface

From this reading “We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

total amount verb + noun

In this reading “We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.”

summer heat noun + noun

In this reading “We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.”

past century noun + noun

In this reading “HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."”

earthly thing adjective + noun

In this reading “The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.”

few feet adjective + noun counted as “few foot”

In this reading “We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.”

makes any verb + adjective counted as “make any”

In this reading “The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.”

on the part preposition + article + noun counted as “on … part”

In this reading “HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."”

in the State preposition + article + noun counted as “in … state”

In this reading “Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

90,000,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

BEauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

coalnounUS /koʊl/

fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

consumedverbUS /kənˈsuːmd/

past form of “consume” — eat up completely, as with great appetite

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

earthlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrθli/

of or belonging to or characteristic of this earth as distinguished from heaven

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

ELECTRICITYnounUS /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

endeavornounUS /ɪnˈdevər/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

energynounUS /ˈenərdʒi/

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

estimatedverbUS /ˈestəmeɪtəd/

past form of “estimate” — judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

fractionnounUS /ˈfrækʃən/

a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

fractionaladjectiveUS /ˈfrækʃənəl/

constituting or comprising a part or fraction of a possible whole or entirety

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

GENERATEDverbUS /ˈdʒenəreɪtəd/

past form of “generate” — bring into existence

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

harnessverbUS /ˈhɑːrnəs/

put a harness

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

HEATnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

incalculableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkælkjələbəl/

not able to be computed or enumerated

From this reading The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.

infinitesimalnounUS /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪməl/

(mathematics) a variable that has zero as its limit

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

InstituteverbUS /ˈɪnstətuːt/

set up or lay the groundwork for

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

inventorsnounUS /ˌɪnˈventərz/

plural of “inventor” — someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

LangleynounUS /ˈlæŋli/

unit of solar radiation

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

MAYmodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

PennsylvanianounUS /ˌpensəlˈveɪnjə/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

planetnounUS /ˈplænət/

(astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light

From this reading The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.

radiatedverbUS /ˈreɪdieɪtɪd/

past form of “radiate” — send out rays or waves

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

reachesnounUS /ˈriːtʃəz/

plural of “reach” — the limits within which something can be effective

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

receivingverbUS /rəˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

scientistsnounUS /ˈsaɪəntɪsts/

plural of “scientist” — a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

scorchingadjectiveUS /ˈskɔːrtʃɪŋ/

hot and dry enough to burn or parch a surface

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

smallestadjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːləst/

superlative of “small” — limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

Smithsonian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

sunlightnounUS /ˈsʌnlaɪt/

the rays of the sun

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading The energy consumed in the sun and thrown off in the form of heat is so great that it makes any earthly thing seem infinitesimal.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW ELECTRICITY MAY BE GENERATED FROM HEAT For the past century there has been on the part of many scientists and inventors a constant endeavor to "harness the sunlight."

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

travelsnounUS /ˈtrævəlz/

plural of “travel” — the act of going from one place to another

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The power which streams down every day to our planet is incalculable.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Dr. Langley of the Smithsonian Institute estimated that all the coal in the State of Pennsylvania would be used by the sun in a fraction of a second if it were sent up there to supply energy.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading We can only feel the heat from a large fire a few feet away, yet the scorching summer heat travels 90,000,000 miles before it reaches us, and even then our planet is receiving only the smallest fractional part of the total amount radiated.

Chapter 23 of The Boy Electrician by Alfred Powell Morgan holds 287 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Boy Electrician contain?

Chapter 23 holds 287 sentences of The Boy Electrician, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Boy Electrician by Alfred Powell Morgan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 287 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Boy Electrician?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boy Electrician

Common questions about reading The Boy Electrician by Alfred Powell Morgan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boy Electrician?

Yes. All 4088 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63207 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boy Electrician is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #63207, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boy Electrician take to read?

About 340 minutes of reading across 818 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boy Electrician section by section

How to work through The Boy Electrician section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of The Boy Electrician to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boy Electrician

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boy Electrician, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Electrician; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Images
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Electrician; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Google
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Electrician; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Electrician; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.