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The Boy Travellers in South America
The Boy Travellers in South America

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The Boy Travellers in South America is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.
Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.
Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.
Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.
The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boy Travellers in South America

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The Boy Travellers in South America is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.
Line 2
Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.
/ˈhɔːrsbæk ˈraɪdɪŋ ɪz ə ˈfæʃənəbəl əˈmjuːzmənt ɪn ˈlaɪmə tuː dʒʌdʒ baɪ ðə ˈnʌmbər ʌv ˈmaʊntəd men ðæt ɑːr siːn ɪn ðə striːts ənd ɪn ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈkʌntri/
Line 3
Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.
Line 4
Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.
/stɪl ðer ɑːr ˈmeni ˈeksələnt ˈraɪdərz ɪn ˈlaɪmə ənd əˈkeɪʒənəli wʌn kæn biː siːn drest ɪn ðə kɑːˈstuːm ðæt wɑːz wʌns ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəli wɔːrn baɪ ðə pərˈuːviən ˌkævəˈlɪrz/
Line 5
The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cavaliers noun US /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading “Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.”

fashions noun US /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.”

inca noun US /ˈɪŋkə/

a ruler of the Incas (or a member of his family)

From this reading “EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.”

lima noun US /ˈlaɪmə/

capital and largest city and economic center of Peru; located in western Peru; was capital of the Spanish empire in the New World until the 19th century

From this reading “EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.”

Peruvian noun US /pərˈuːviən/

a native or inhabitant of Peru

From this reading “Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.”

peruvians noun US /pərˈuːviənz/

plural of “peruvian” — a native or inhabitant of Peru

From this reading “EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.”

renowned adjective US /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading “Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.”

universally adverb US /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəli/

everywhere

From this reading “Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twenty years noun + noun

In this reading “Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.”

surrounding country adjective + noun

In this reading “Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.”

HOLY CITY adjective + noun

phrases used to refer to Heaven

In this reading “EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.”

mounted men adjective + noun

In this reading “Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.”

worn by verb + particle

In this reading “Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.”

judge by verb + particle

In this reading “Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.”

in the streets preposition + article + noun counted as “in … street”

In this reading “Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

adoptedadjectiveUS /əˈdɑːptɪd/

acquired as your own by free choice

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

AMONGprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

ANCIENTadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

cavaliersnounUS /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

CITYnounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

costumenounUS /kɑːˈstuːm/

the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

COSTUMESnounUS /kɑːˈstuːmz/

plural of “costume” — the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

declinedverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnd/

past form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

disappearingnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ/

the act of leaving secretly or without explanation

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

disappointmentnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/

a feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

equestrianism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

EQUESTRIANS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

EXCURSIONSnounUS /ɪkˈskɜːrʒənz/

plural of “excursion” — a journey taken for pleasure

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

fashionableadjectiveUS /ˈfæʃənəbəl/

being or in accordance with current social fashions

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

fashionsnounUS /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

GOVERNMENTnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

HOLYnounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

HorsebacknounUS /ˈhɔːrsbæk/

the back of a horse

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

INCAnounUS /ˈɪŋkə/

a ruler of the Incas (or a member of his family)

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

LADIESnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

LIMAnounUS /ˈlaɪmə/

capital and largest city and economic center of Peru; located in western Peru; was capital of the Spanish empire in the New World until the 19th century

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

ORIGINnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

PACHACAMAC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

PeruviannounUS /pərˈuːviən/

a native or inhabitant of Peru

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

PERUVIANSnounUS /pərˈuːviənz/

plural of “peruvian” — a native or inhabitant of Peru

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

picturesquenessnoun

the quality of being strikingly expressive or vivid

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

renownedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

ridersnounUS /ˈraɪdərz/

plural of “rider” — a traveler who actively rides an animal (as a horse or camel)

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

ridingnounUS /ˈraɪdɪŋ/

the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

RUINSnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The fashions of Paris have been adopted by society people in Lima, and the picturesqueness of the old style of dress is fast disappearing.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

THEIRdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.--ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Horseback riding is a fashionable amusement in Lima, to judge by the number of mounted men that are seen in the streets and in the surrounding country.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

universallyadverbUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəli/

everywhere

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading Still, there are many excellent riders in Lima, and occasionally one can be seen dressed in the costume that was once universally worn by the Peruvian cavaliers.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Our friends learned, somewhat to their disappointment, that it has declined a good deal in the past twenty years, and the gentlemen of Lima are now less renowned than formerly for their equestrianism.

Chapter 9 of The Boy Travellers in South America by Thomas Wallace Knox holds 144 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of The Boy Travellers in South America contain?

Chapter 9 holds 144 sentences of The Boy Travellers in South America, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of The Boy Travellers in South America by Thomas Wallace Knox exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 144 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of The Boy Travellers in South America?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boy Travellers in South America

Common questions about reading The Boy Travellers in South America by Thomas Wallace Knox on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boy Travellers in South America?

Yes. All 4667 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59396 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boy Travellers in South America is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59396, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boy Travellers in South America take to read?

About 388 minutes of reading across 934 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boy Travellers in South America section by section

How to work through The Boy Travellers in South America section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in The Boy Travellers in South America

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boy Travellers in South America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nimrods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.