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The Boy Travellers in South America
The Boy Travellers in South America

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Boy Travellers in South America is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.
Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.
There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.
Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.
One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boy Travellers in South America

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Boy Travellers in South America is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.
Line 2
Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.
/wɪˈðɪn ðə læst ˈtwenti jɪrz pərˈuː hæz meɪd ˈɜːrnɪst ˈefərts tuː kəˈnekt hɜːr ˈɪnlænd ˈsɪtiz wɪð ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˈoʊʃən baɪ miːnz ʌv ˈreɪlweɪz/
Line 3
There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.
Line 4
Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.
/ʌv ðə laɪnz bɪlt baɪ ˈɡʌvərmənt ðer ɑːr ˈsevən ɪn ɔːl faɪv ʌv ðem ɑːr ˈfɪnɪʃt ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪndər ɑːr ɪn kɔːrs ʌv kənˈstrʌkʃən ɔːr səˈspenʃən wɪð kənˈsɪdərəbəl ənˈsɜːrtənti æz tuː ðə deɪt ʌv ðer kəmˈpliːʃən/
Line 5
One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Amazon noun US /ˈæməzɑːn/

a large strong and aggressive woman

From this reading “One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.”

andes noun US /ˈændiz/

a mountain range in South America running 5000 miles along the Pacific coast

From this reading “RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.”

arequipa noun US /ˌɑːreˈkiːpɑː/

a city in southern Peru founded in 1540 on the site of an ancient Inca city

From this reading “RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.”

lima noun US /ˈlaɪmə/

capital and largest city and economic center of Peru; located in western Peru; was capital of the Spanish empire in the New World until the 19th century

From this reading “RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.”

projectors noun US /prəˈdʒektərz/

plural of “projector” — an optical device for projecting a beam of light

From this reading “There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.”

seaport noun US /ˈsiːpɔːrt/

a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo

From this reading “One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.”

steamboats noun US /ˈstiːmboʊts/

plural of “steamboat” — a boat propelled by a steam engine

From this reading “One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.”

suspension noun US /səˈspenʃən/

a mixture in which fine particles are suspended in a fluid where they are supported by buoyancy

From this reading “Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

RAILWAY CARRIAGE noun + noun

In this reading “RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.”

twenty years noun + noun

In this reading “Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.”

FOURTEEN THOUSAND noun + noun

In this reading “RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.”

THOUSAND FEET noun + noun counted as “thousand foot”

In this reading “RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.”

earnest efforts adjective + noun counted as “earnest effort”

In this reading “Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.”

by means preposition + noun

In this reading “Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.”

ABOVE THE SEA preposition + article + noun counted as “above … sea”

In this reading “RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.”

starts from verb + particle counted as “start from”

In this reading “One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1851

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

ABOVEprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

AmazonnounUS /ˈæməzɑːn/

a large strong and aggressive woman

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

ANDESnounUS /ˈændiz/

a mountain range in South America running 5000 miles along the Pacific coast

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

AREQUIPAnounUS /ˌɑːreˈkiːpɑː/

a city in southern Peru founded in 1540 on the site of an ancient Inca city

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

branchnounUS /bræntʃ/

a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

Callao

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

CARRIAGEnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

Cerro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

CHINCHA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

completionnounUS /kəmˈpliːʃən/

(American football) a successful forward pass in football

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

connectverbUS /kəˈnekt/

connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

connectingverbUS /kəˈnektɪŋ/

-ing form of “connect” — connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

DESERTSnounUS /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

earnestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrnɪst/

characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

extendverbUS /ɪkˈstend/

extend in scope or range or area

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

FEETnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

FOURTEENnounUS /ˈfɔːrˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of thirteen and one

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

handsomelyadverbUS /ˈhænsəmli/

in an attractively handsome manner

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

inlandadjectiveUS /ˈɪnlænd/

situated away from an area's coast or border

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

ISLANDSnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

LAKEnounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

LIMAnounUS /ˈlaɪmə/

capital and largest city and economic center of Peru; located in western Peru; was capital of the Spanish empire in the New World until the 19th century

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

Mairo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

minesnounUS /maɪnz/

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

MOLLENDO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

OceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

oldestadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldəst/

superlative of “old” — (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

Oroya

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

OVERprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

PacificnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

Pasco

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

PerunounUS /pərˈuː/

a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

projectorsnounUS /prəˈdʒektərz/

plural of “projector” — an optical device for projecting a beam of light

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

RAILWAYnounUS /ˈreɪlweɪ/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

RAILWAYSnounUS /ˈreɪlweɪz/

plural of “railway” — line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

Ramon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

remaindernounUS /rɪˈmeɪndər/

something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

SEAnounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

seaportnounUS /ˈsiːpɔːrt/

a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

SODAnounUS /ˈsoʊdə/

a sodium salt of carbonic acid; used in making soap powders and glass and paper

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

startsnounUS /stɑːrts/

plural of “start” — the beginning of anything

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

STEAMverbUS /stiːm/

travel by means of steam power

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

steamboatsnounUS /ˈstiːmboʊts/

plural of “steamboat” — a boat propelled by a steam engine

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

suspensionnounUS /səˈspenʃən/

a mixture in which fine particles are suspended in a fluid where they are supported by buoyancy

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

THOUSANDnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

TITICACA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

uncertaintynounUS /ənˈsɜːrtənti/

being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance

From this reading Of the lines built by government there are seven in all; five of them are finished and the remainder are in course of construction (or suspension), with considerable uncertainty as to the date of their completion.

unfinishedadjectiveUS /ənˈfɪnɪʃt/

not brought to the desired final state

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

UPadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There are several private lines, the oldest being the short one connecting Lima with Callao; it was completed in 1851, and has paid handsomely to its projectors.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading One of the unfinished lines, the Oroya Railway, starts from Callao, and is intended to connect that seaport with the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco, by a branch from Oroya, and to extend to Fort San Ramon, or Mairo, where it will connect with steamboats on the Amazon.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

WithinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Within the last twenty years Peru has made earnest efforts to connect her inland cities with the Pacific Ocean by means of railways.

Chapter 10 of The Boy Travellers in South America by Thomas Wallace Knox holds 145 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Boy Travellers in South America contain?

Chapter 10 holds 145 sentences of The Boy Travellers in South America, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Boy Travellers in South America by Thomas Wallace Knox exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 145 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Boy Travellers in South America?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boy Travellers in South America

Common questions about reading The Boy Travellers in South America by Thomas Wallace Knox on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boy Travellers in South America?

Yes. All 4667 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59396 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boy Travellers in South America is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59396, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boy Travellers in South America take to read?

About 388 minutes of reading across 934 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Boy Travellers in South America section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Boy Travellers in South America

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boy Travellers in South America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nimrods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.