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The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire
The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire is here in full — 207 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
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A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.
When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.
Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.
"Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?
How long would it take, and would it be very expensive?"
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire is here in full — 207 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.
Line 2
When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.
Line 3
Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.
/ˈbiːɪŋ ɪn ˈrʌʃə ðeɪ ˈfɑːloʊd ˈrʌʃən ˈtendənsiz ənd tɜːrnd ðer aɪz ɪn ðə dərˈekʃən ʌv ˈsentrəl ˈeɪʒə/
Line 4
"Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?
Line 5
How long would it take, and would it be very expensive?"

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

asia noun US /ˈeɪʒə/

the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations

From this reading “A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.”

diplomacy noun US /dɪˈploʊməsi/

negotiation between nations

From this reading “A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.”

foreigners noun US /ˈfɔːrənərz/

plural of “foreigner” — a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

From this reading “A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.”

fortified adjective US /ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd/

secured with bastions or fortifications

From this reading “A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.”

payments noun US /ˈpeɪmənts/

plural of “payment” — a sum of money paid or a claim discharged

From this reading “A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.”

raids noun US /reɪdz/

plural of “raid” — a sudden short attack

From this reading “A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.”

taxes noun US /ˈtæksəz/

plural of “tax” — charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading “A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.”

tendencies noun US /ˈtendənsiz/

plural of “tendency” — an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading “Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

NARROW ESCAPE verb + noun

something achieved (or escaped) by a narrow margin

In this reading “A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.”

GLANCE AT verb + particle

In this reading “A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.”

looked around verb + particle counted as “look around”

look about oneself

In this reading “When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.”

INTO SLAVERY preposition + noun

In this reading “A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.”

new worlds adjective + noun counted as “new world”

the hemisphere that includes North America and South America

In this reading “When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.”

go through verb + particle

undergo or live through a difficult experience

In this reading “"Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?”

in the direction preposition + article + noun counted as “in … direction”

In this reading “Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

AMONGprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

ASIAnounUS /ˈeɪʒə/

the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

Beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.

CENTRALadjectiveUS /ˈsentrəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

CHARACTERnounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

COLLECTIONnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

COMMERCEnounUS /ˈkɑːmərs/

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

conquerverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkər/

bring under control by force or authority

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

CONQUESTnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

CUSTOMSnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

DIPLOMACYnounUS /dɪˈploʊməsi/

negotiation between nations

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

ESCAPEnounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

expensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspensɪv/

high in price or charging high prices

From this reading How long would it take, and would it be very expensive?"

EXTENTnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.

FaradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

FOREIGNERSnounUS /ˈfɔːrənərz/

plural of “foreigner” — a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

FORTIFIEDadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd/

secured with bastions or fortifications

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

FrankadjectiveUS /fræŋk/

characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

GLANCEverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

HEADSnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How long would it take, and would it be very expensive?"

HUMANadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

INTOprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

JEALOUSYnounUS /ˈdʒeləsi/

a feeling of jealous envy (especially of a rival)

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

KIRGHESE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading How long would it take, and would it be very expensive?"

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

MARRIAGEnounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

NARROWverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

OTHERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

PAYMENTSnounUS /ˈpeɪmənts/

plural of “payment” — a sum of money paid or a claim discharged

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

Petrolia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

POPULATIONnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

PRISONERSnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

RAIDSnounUS /reɪdz/

plural of “raid” — a sudden short attack

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

REFUGEnounUS /ˈrefjuːdʒ/

a safe place

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.

RUSSIANnounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

SLAVERYnounUS /ˈsleɪvəri/

the state of being under the control of another person

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

SOLDadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading How long would it take, and would it be very expensive?"

TAXESnounUS /ˈtæksəz/

plural of “tax” — charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

tendenciesnounUS /ˈtendənsiz/

plural of “tendency” — an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

THEIRdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

TOWERSnounUS /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

TRAVELSnounUS /ˈtrævəlz/

plural of “travel” — the act of going from one place to another

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

TRIBESnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

tripnounUS /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

TURCOMANnoun

a member of a Turkic people living in Turkmenistan and neighboring areas

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

TURCOMANS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

TURKESTANnoun

a historical region of central Asia that was a center for trade between the East and the West

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Being in Russia, they followed Russian tendencies, and turned their eyes in the direction of Central Asia.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading How long would it take, and would it be very expensive?"

VILLAGESnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

VÁMBÉRY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

VÁMBÉRY'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading A GLANCE AT CENTRAL ASIA.--RUSSIAN CONQUEST IN TURKESTAN.--WAR AND DIPLOMACY AMONG THE KIRGHESE TRIBES.--RUSSIAN TAXES AND THEIR COLLECTION.--TURCOMAN AND KIRGHESE RAIDS.--PRISONERS SOLD INTO SLAVERY.--FORTIFIED VILLAGES AND TOWERS OF REFUGE.--COMMERCE IN TURKESTAN.--JEALOUSY OF FOREIGNERS.--TRAVELS OF VÁMBÉRY AND OTHERS.--VÁMBÉRY'S NARROW ESCAPE.--TURCOMAN CHARACTER.--PAYMENTS FOR HUMAN HEADS.--MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE TURCOMANS.--EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CENTRAL ASIA.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

worldsnounUS /wɜːrldz/

plural of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading When our friends had completed their study of the Petrolia of Europe they looked around for new worlds to conquer.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading How long would it take, and would it be very expensive?"

Wouldn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Wouldn't it be a splendid trip," said Frank, "to go through Central Asia to India and the Far East?

Chapter 21 of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire by Thomas Wallace Knox holds 207 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire contain?

Chapter 21 holds 207 sentences of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire by Thomas Wallace Knox exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 207 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire

Common questions about reading The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire by Thomas Wallace Knox on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire?

Yes. All 5495 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60086 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60086, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire take to read?

About 457 minutes of reading across 1099 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Travellers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nimrods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy Travellers in The Russian Empire; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.