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The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus
The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.
A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.
An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.
The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.
The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.
/smɔːl ˈkæpətəlz hæv bɪn ˌriːˈpleɪst baɪ fʊl ˈkæpətəlz waɪl aɪˈtælɪks ɑːr ˈɪndəkeɪtəd baɪ ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/
Line 2
A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.
/ə freɪz ɪn blæk ˈletər fɑːnt ɪz ˈɪndəkeɪtəd baɪ plʌs saɪnz/
Line 3
An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.
/æn ædˈvɜːrtəzmənt fɔːr əˈnʌðər wɜːrk baɪ ðə seɪm ˈɔːθər hæz bɪn ˈʃɪftɪd tuː ðə bæk ʌv ðə bʊk/
Line 4
The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.
/ðə ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən ˈtaɪtəld ˈælfəbet dʌz nɑːt aɪˈdentəfaɪ wɪtʃ ˈælfəbet ɪt ɪz bʌt ɪt əˈpɪrz tuː ˈɪləstreɪt ɪˈdʒɪpʃən ˌhaɪroʊˈɡlɪfɪks/
Line 5
The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alphabet noun US /ˈælfəbet/

a character set that includes letters and is used to write a language

From this reading “The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.”

Barbarians noun US /bɑːrˈberiənz/

plural of “barbarian” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading “The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".”

capitals noun US /ˈkæpətəlz/

plural of “capital” — assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading “Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.”

font noun US /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading “A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.”

hieroglyphics noun US /ˌhaɪroʊˈɡlɪfɪks/

plural of “hieroglyphic” — writing that resembles hieroglyphics (usually by being illegible)

From this reading “The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.”

italics noun US /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.”

titled adjective US /ˈtaɪtəld/

belonging to the peerage

From this reading “The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.”

underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

replaced by verb + particle counted as “replace by”

In this reading “Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.”

towards the end preposition + article + noun counted as “towards … end”

In this reading “The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".”

extends over verb + particle counted as “extend over”

In this reading “The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".”

Small capitals adjective + noun counted as “small capital”

a character having the form of an upper-case letter but the same height as lower-case letters

In this reading “Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.”

indicated by verb + particle counted as “indicate by”

In this reading “Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.

advertisementnounUS /ædˈvɜːrtəzmənt/

a public promotion of some product or service

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

ALPHABETnounUS /ˈælfəbet/

a character set that includes letters and is used to write a language

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

BarbariansnounUS /bɑːrˈberiənz/

plural of “barbarian” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

capitalsnounUS /ˈkæpətəlz/

plural of “capital” — assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

EgyptiannounUS /ɪˈdʒɪpʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

EventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

extendsverbUS /ɪkˈstendz/

third-person singular of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

fontnounUS /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

GreeksnounUS /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

Herodotusnoun

the ancient Greek known as the father of history; his accounts of the wars between the Greeks and Persians are the first known examples of historical writing (485-425 BC)

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

hieroglyphicsnounUS /ˌhaɪroʊˈɡlɪfɪks/

plural of “hieroglyphic” — writing that resembles hieroglyphics (usually by being illegible)

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

identifyverbUS /aɪˈdentəfaɪ/

recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

illustrateverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

illustrationnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

italicsnounUS /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

phrasenounUS /freɪz/

an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.

plusnounUS /plʌs/

a useful or valuable quality

From this reading A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.

PrincipalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

replacedverbUS /ˌriːˈpleɪst/

past form of “replace” — substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

shiftedverbUS /ˈʃɪftɪd/

past form of “shift” — make a shift in or exchange of

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading A phrase in black letter font is indicated by +plus signs+.

SmalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

Synchronistical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

TablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

titledadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪtəld/

belonging to the peerage

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The "Synchronistical Table of the Principal Events in Herodotus" towards the end of the book extends over two pages in small font: one on the Greeks and one on the "Barbarians".

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The illustration titled "ALPHABET" does not identify which alphabet it is, but it appears to illustrate Egyptian hieroglyphics.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, while italics are indicated by _underscores_.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading An advertisement for another work by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book.

Chapter 1 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus by 481? BCE-421? BCE Herodotus holds 68 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus contain?

Chapter 1 holds 68 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus by 481? BCE-421? BCE Herodotus exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 68 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus by 481? BCE-421? BCE Herodotus on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus?

Yes. All 3328 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55758 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55758, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus take to read?

About 277 minutes of reading across 666 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus section by section

How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Capitals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Replaced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.