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The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus
The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PHYSICAL HISTORY OF EGYPT.
After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.
He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.
Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.
The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PHYSICAL HISTORY OF EGYPT.
/ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈhɪstəri ʌv ˈiːdʒəpt/
Line 2
After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.
Line 3
He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.
Line 4
Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.
Line 5
The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cyrus noun US /ˈsaɪrəs/

Persian prince who was defeated in battle by his brother Artaxerxes II (424-401 BC)

From this reading “After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.”

egypt noun US /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading “PHYSICAL HISTORY OF EGYPT.”

Egyptians noun US /ɪˈdʒɪpʃənz/

plural of “egyptian” — a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading “The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.”

Greeks noun US /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading “Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.”

hereditary adjective US /hərˈedəteri/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading “Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.”

mourn verb US /mɔːrn/

feel sadness

From this reading “He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.”

mourned verb US /mɔːrnd/

past form of “mourn” — feel sadness

From this reading “He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.”

reign verb US /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading “The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

some time adjective + noun

In this reading “He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.”

most ancient adverb + adjective

In this reading “The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.”

mourned for verb + particle counted as “mourn for”

In this reading “He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.”

of mankind preposition + noun

In this reading “The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.”

reign of verb + particle

In this reading “The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.”

After the death preposition + article + noun counted as “after … death”

In this reading “After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

Cambyses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.

Cassandane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

CyrusnounUS /ˈsaɪrəs/

Persian prince who was defeated in battle by his brother Artaxerxes II (424-401 BC)

From this reading After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.

deeplyadverbUS /ˈdiːpli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

EGYPTnounUS /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading PHYSICAL HISTORY OF EGYPT.

EgyptiansnounUS /ɪˈdʒɪpʃənz/

plural of “egyptian” — a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

GreeksnounUS /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

hereditaryadjectiveUS /hərˈedəteri/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

HISTORYnounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading PHYSICAL HISTORY OF EGYPT.

Ionians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.

mournverbUS /mɔːrn/

feel sadness

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

mournedverbUS /mɔːrnd/

past form of “mourn” — feel sadness

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PHYSICAL HISTORY OF EGYPT.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

Pharnaspes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

PHYSICALadjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading PHYSICAL HISTORY OF EGYPT.

Psammitichus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The Egyptians, before the reign of Psammitichus, considered themselves to be the most ancient of mankind.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After the death of Cyrus, Cambyses succeeded to the kingdom.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was son of Cyrus, and Cassandane the daughter of Pharnaspes; she having died some time before, Cyrus deeply mourned for her himself, and commanded all his subjects to mourn.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

Æolians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cambyses then considered the Ionians and Æolians as his hereditary slaves, and when he made an expedition against Egypt, he took with him some of the Greeks over whom he bore rule.

Chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus by 481? BCE-421? BCE Herodotus holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus contain?

Chapter 8 holds 66 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus by 481? BCE-421? BCE Herodotus exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus by 481? BCE-421? BCE Herodotus on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus?

Yes. All 3328 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55758 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55758, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus take to read?

About 277 minutes of reading across 666 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus section by section

How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Capitals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Replaced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.