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The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus
The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DESCRIPTION OF LIBYA.
Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.
The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.
Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.
Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DESCRIPTION OF LIBYA.
/dɪˈskrɪpʃən ʌv ˈlɪbiːə/
Line 2
Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.
Line 3
The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.
/ðə ˈwɪmən wer ə tʃeɪn ʌv brɑːnz ɑːn iːtʃ leɡ ənd əˈlaʊ ðer her tuː ɡroʊ lɔːŋ/
Line 4
Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.
Line 5
Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bronze noun US /brɑːnz/

an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin

From this reading “The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.”

colonized adjective US /ˈkɑːlənaɪzd/

inhabited by colonists

From this reading “Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.”

libya noun US /ˈlɪbiːə/

a military dictatorship in northern Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum

From this reading “DESCRIPTION OF LIBYA.”

Libyans noun US /ˈlɪbiːənz/

plural of “libyan” — a native or inhabitant of Libya

From this reading “Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.”

Midway adjective US /ˈmɪdweɪ/

equally distant from the extremes

From this reading “Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.”

occupy verb US /ˈɑːkjəpaɪ/

keep busy with

From this reading “Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.”

usages noun US /ˈjuːsədʒəz/

plural of “usage” — the act of using

From this reading “Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.”

westward adverb US /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading “Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

meet with verb + particle

In this reading “Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

Adrymachidæ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

allowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

Aphrodisias

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

BeginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

bronzenounUS /brɑːnz/

an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

chainnounUS /tʃeɪn/

a series of things depending on each other as if linked together

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.

colonizedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːlənaɪzd/

inhabited by colonists

From this reading Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.

Cyrenæans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.

DESCRIPTIONnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading DESCRIPTION OF LIBYA.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

EgyptnounUS /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

Giligammæ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.

legnounUS /leɡ/

a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

LIBYAnounUS /ˈlɪbiːə/

a military dictatorship in northern Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum

From this reading DESCRIPTION OF LIBYA.

LibyansnounUS /ˈlɪbiːənz/

plural of “libyan” — a native or inhabitant of Libya

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

MidwayadjectiveUS /ˈmɪdweɪ/

equally distant from the extremes

From this reading Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.

observeverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

occupyverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪ/

keep busy with

From this reading Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DESCRIPTION OF LIBYA.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

Platea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

usagesnounUS /ˈjuːsədʒəz/

plural of “usage” — the act of using

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

westwardadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Midway on this coast the island of Platea is situated, which the Cyrenæans colonized.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Next to these are the Giligammæ, who occupy the country westward, as far as the island Aphrodisias.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Beginning from Egypt the Adrymachidæ are the first of the Libyans we meet with: they for the most part observe the usages of Egypt, but they wear the same dress as the other Libyans.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The women wear a chain of bronze on each leg, and allow their hair to grow long.

Chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus by 481? BCE-421? BCE Herodotus holds 98 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus contain?

Chapter 20 holds 98 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus by 481? BCE-421? BCE Herodotus exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 98 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus by 481? BCE-421? BCE Herodotus on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus?

Yes. All 3328 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55758 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55758, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus take to read?

About 277 minutes of reading across 666 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus section by section

How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Capitals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Replaced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Herodotus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.