Chapter XXX

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

moving forward

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE WAR CONTINUED; BATTLE OF PLATÆA AND SIEGE OF THEBES.

react verbally

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

giving confidence

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

plural of “athenian” — a resident of Athens

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading THE WAR CONTINUED; BATTLE OF PLATÆA AND SIEGE OF THEBES.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

without stop or interruption

From this reading THE WAR CONTINUED; BATTLE OF PLATÆA AND SIEGE OF THEBES.

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

past form of “endeavor” — attempt by employing effort

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

-ing form of “escort” — accompany as an escort

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

divisible by two

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

with resolute determination

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

overly eager speed (and possible carelessness)

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

apprehended with certainty

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

march in a procession

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WAR CONTINUED; BATTLE OF PLATÆA AND SIEGE OF THEBES.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

in an open way

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

win a victory over

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WAR CONTINUED; BATTLE OF PLATÆA AND SIEGE OF THEBES.

-ing form of “repent” — turn away from sin or do penitence

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

to close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movement

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading THE WAR CONTINUED; BATTLE OF PLATÆA AND SIEGE OF THEBES.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

-ing form of “subdue” — put down by force or intimidation

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

carry out

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WAR CONTINUED; BATTLE OF PLATÆA AND SIEGE OF THEBES.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

an ancient Egyptian city on the Nile River that flourished from the 22nd century BC to the 18th century BC; today the archeological remains include many splendid temples and tombs

From this reading THE WAR CONTINUED; BATTLE OF PLATÆA AND SIEGE OF THEBES.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

in or at that place or location

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

a fertile plain on the Aegean Sea in east central Greece; Thessaly was a former region of ancient Greece

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

the middle region of the body of an arthropod between the head and the abdomen

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading For if the Greeks should continue firmly united, as they had done before, it would be difficult even for all mankind to overcome them.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

past form of “urge” — force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE WAR CONTINUED; BATTLE OF PLATÆA AND SIEGE OF THEBES.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

used to ask for information about something

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

at the time that

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

in or to any place at all

From this reading When Alexander returned and made known to Mardonius the answer of the Athenians, he set out from Thessaly, and led his army in haste against Athens; and wherever he arrived from time to time, he joined the people to his own forces.

which person or people

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading When the army on its march arrived among the Bœotians, the Thebans endeavored to restrain Mardonius from advancing farther, assuring him that to take up his station there would be equivalent to subduing the whole of Greece without a battle.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So far were the leaders of Thessaly from repenting of what had been before done, that they urged on the Persian much more: and Thorax of Larissa, who had assisted in escorting Xerxes in his flight, now openly gave Mardonius a passage into Greece.