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The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE COMBATS OF ELEPHANTS.
There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.
The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.
Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.
In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE COMBATS OF ELEPHANTS.
/ðə kəmˈbæts ʌv ˈeləfənts/
Line 2
There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.
/ðer ɪz ə ˈfeɪməs ˈkɑːmbæt ˈmenʃənd ʌv ə ˈroʊmən wɪð æn ˈeləfənt wen ˈhænɪbəl kəmˈpeld ˈaʊər ˈprɪzənərz tuː faɪt əˈɡenst iːtʃ ˈʌðər/
Line 3
The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.
Line 4
Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.
/ˈhænɪbəl ˌhaʊˈevər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðæt ðə nuːz ʌv ðɪs ˈvɪktəri maɪt kɑːz ə ˈfiːlɪŋ ʌv kənˈtempt fɔːr ðiːz ˈænəməlz sent sʌm ˈhɔːrsmən tuː kɪl ðə mæn ɑːn hɪz weɪ hoʊm/
Line 5
In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arena noun US /ərˈiːnə/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading “The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.”

battles noun US /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading “In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.”

combats noun US /kəmˈbæts/

plural of “combat” — an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading “THE COMBATS OF ELEPHANTS.”

elephants noun US /ˈeləfənts/

plural of “elephant” — five-toed pachyderm

From this reading “THE COMBATS OF ELEPHANTS.”

Hannibal noun US /ˈhænɪbəl/

general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War; crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BC)

From this reading “There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.”

horsemen noun US /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading “Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.”

slay verb US /sleɪ/

kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading “The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.”

survived verb US /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading “The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

cut off verb + particle

make a break in

In this reading “In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.”

into the arena preposition + article + noun counted as “into … arena”

In this reading “The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.”

fight against verb + particle

In this reading “There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.”

succeeded in verb + particle counted as “succeed in”

In this reading “The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.”

way home noun + noun

In this reading “Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.”

kill the man verb + article + noun counted as “kill … man”

In this reading “Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

arenanounUS /ərˈiːnə/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

battlesnounUS /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

Carthaginians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

combatnounUS /ˈkɑːmbæt/

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

COMBATSnounUS /kəmˈbæts/

plural of “combat” — an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading THE COMBATS OF ELEPHANTS.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

elephantnounUS /ˈeləfənt/

five-toed pachyderm

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

ELEPHANTSnounUS /ˈeləfənts/

plural of “elephant” — five-toed pachyderm

From this reading THE COMBATS OF ELEPHANTS.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

HannibalnounUS /ˈhænɪbəl/

general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War; crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BC)

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

killverbUS /kɪl/

cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE COMBATS OF ELEPHANTS.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

Pyrrhusnoun

king of Epirus; defeated the Romans in two battles in spite of staggering losses (319-272 BC)

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

regretverbUS /rəˈɡret/

feel remorse for; feel sorry for; be contrite about

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

slayverbUS /sleɪ/

kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

survivedverbUS /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COMBATS OF ELEPHANTS.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

trialnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

trunksnounUS /trʌŋks/

(used in the plural) trousers that end at or above the knee

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In our battles with Pyrrhus it was found, on making trial, that it was extremely easy to cut off the trunks of these animals.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Hannibal, however, thinking that the news of this victory might cause a feeling of contempt for these animals, sent some horsemen to kill the man on his way home.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The one who had survived all the others he placed before an elephant, and promised him his life if he should slay it; upon which the man advanced alone into the arena, and, to the great regret of the Carthaginians, succeeded in doing so.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There is a famous combat mentioned of a Roman with an elephant, when Hannibal compelled our prisoners to fight against each other.

Chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny holds 51 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny contain?

Chapter 8 holds 51 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 51 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Yes. All 3612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58589 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58589, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Pliny take to read?

About 301 minutes of reading across 723 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section

How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Province
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.