Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 39 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE CAMEL.
Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.
Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.
Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.
They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 39 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CAMEL.
/ðə ˈkæməl/
Line 2
Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.
/ˈkæməlz ɑːr faʊnd ˈfiːdɪŋ ɪn hɜːrdz ɪn ðə iːst/
Line 3
Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.
Line 4
Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.
/boʊθ ʌv ðiːz ˈspiːʃiz laɪk ðə ɑːks hæv noʊ tiːθ ɪn ðə ˈʌpər dʒɔː/
Line 5
They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arabian noun US /əˈreɪbiən/

a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading “Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.”

camel noun US /ˈkæməl/

cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions

From this reading “THE CAMEL.”

Camels noun US /ˈkæməlz/

plural of “camel” — cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions

From this reading “Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.”

feeding noun US /ˈfiːdɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading “Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.”

herds noun US /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading “Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.”

hump verb US /hʌmp/

round one's back by bending forward and drawing the shoulders forward

From this reading “Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.”

loads noun US /loʊdz/

a large number or amount

From this reading “They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.”

reclining noun US /rɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position

From this reading “Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

by means preposition + noun

In this reading “Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.”

like the ox verb + article + noun counted as “like … ox”

In this reading “Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.”

in the East preposition + article + noun counted as “in … east”

In this reading “Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

ArabiannounUS /əˈreɪbiən/

a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

Bactrian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

beastsnounUS /biːsts/

plural of “beast” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

burthennoun

a variant of “burden”

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

CAMELnounUS /ˈkæməl/

cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions

From this reading THE CAMEL.

CamelsnounUS /ˈkæməlz/

plural of “camel” — cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions

From this reading Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

feedingnounUS /ˈfiːdɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

herdsnounUS /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.

humpverbUS /hʌmp/

round one's back by bending forward and drawing the shoulders forward

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

humps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Camels are found feeding in herds in the East.

jawverbUS /dʒɔː/

talk socially without exchanging too much information

From this reading Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.

loadsnounUS /loʊdz/

a large number or amount

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

oxnounUS /ɑːks/

an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus

From this reading Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

recliningnounUS /rɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

teethnounUS /tiːθ/

the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal

From this reading Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CAMEL.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They are all of them employed as beasts of burthen, in carrying loads on the back, and they answer the purpose of cavalry in battle.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading Both of these species, like the ox, have no teeth in the upper jaw.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Of these there are two different kinds, the Bactrian and the Arabian; the former kind having two humps on the back, the latter only one; they have also another hump under the breast, by means of which they support themselves when reclining.

Chapter 10 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny holds 39 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny contain?

Chapter 10 holds 39 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 39 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Yes. All 3612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58589 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58589, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Pliny take to read?

About 301 minutes of reading across 723 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section

How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Province
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.