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The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE OX.
We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.
In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.
He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.
The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE OX.
/ðə ɑːks/
Line 2
We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.
/wiː faɪnd ɪt ˈsteɪtɪd ðæt ðə ˈɑːksən ʌv ˈɪndiə ɑːr ʌv ðə haɪt ʌv ˈkæməlz ənd ðæt ðə ekˈstremətiz ʌv ðer hɔːrnz ɑːr fɔːr fiːt əˈpɑːrt/
Line 3
In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.
Line 4
He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.
/hiː brɔːt ðem tuː ə ˈveri lɑːrdʒ saɪz ənd dɪˈsendənts ʌv ðɪs briːd ɑːr tuː biː siːn æt ðə ˈprezənt deɪ/
Line 5
The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alps noun US /ælps/

a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction

From this reading “The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.”

breed verb US /briːd/

call forth

From this reading “In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.”

camels noun US /ˈkæməlz/

plural of “camel” — cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions

From this reading “We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.”

descendants noun US /dɪˈsendənts/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading “He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.”

enduring adjective US /enˈdjʊrɪŋ/

lasting a long time

From this reading “The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.”

extremities noun US /ekˈstremətiz/

plural of “extremity” — an external body part that projects from the body

From this reading “We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.”

oxen noun US /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading “We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.”

yoked verb US /joʊkt/

past form of “yoke” — become joined or linked together

From this reading “The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most valuable adverb + adjective

In this reading “In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.”

great quantity adjective + noun

In this reading “The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.”

large size adjective + noun

In this reading “He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.”

four feet noun + noun counted as “four foot”

In this reading “We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.”

present day verb + noun

In this reading “He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.”

bred in verb + particle counted as “breed in”

In this reading “The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

114

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

AlpsnounUS /ælps/

a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

backwardsadverbUS /ˈbækwərdz/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

breedverbUS /briːd/

call forth

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

camelsnounUS /ˈkæməlz/

plural of “camel” — cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

CattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

descendantsnounUS /dɪˈsendənts/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

enduringadjectiveUS /enˈdjʊrɪŋ/

lasting a long time

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

Epirusnoun

an ancient area on the Ionian Sea that flourished as a kingdom in the 3rd century BC; located in northwestern Greece and southern Albania

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

extremitiesnounUS /ekˈstremətiz/

plural of “extremity” — an external body part that projects from the body

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

feedverbUS /fiːd/

provide as food

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

feedingnounUS /ˈfiːdɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

Garamantes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

hornsnounUS /hɔːrnz/

plural of “horn” — a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

milknounUS /mɪlk/

a white nutritious liquid secreted by mammals and used as food by human beings

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

necknounUS /nek/

the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

OXnounUS /ɑːks/

an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus

From this reading THE OX.

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

Pyrrhusnoun

king of Epirus; defeated the Romans in two battles in spite of staggering losses (319-272 BC)

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE OX.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

valuableadjectiveUS /ˈvæljəbəl/

having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day.

walksnounUS /wɔːks/

plural of “walk” — the act of traveling by foot

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities of their horns are four feet apart.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus.

yokedverbUS /joʊkt/

past form of “yoke” — become joined or linked together

From this reading The ox is the only animal that walks backwards while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor; they are yoked by the horns, and not by the neck.

Chapter 15 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny holds 54 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny contain?

Chapter 15 holds 54 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 54 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Yes. All 3612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58589 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58589, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Pliny take to read?

About 301 minutes of reading across 723 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section

How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Province
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.